Incorporating Measurements of Vertical Land Motion in Wetland Surface Elevation Change Analyses

IF 2.3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Philippe Hensel, Donald R. Cahoon, Glenn Guntenspergen, Laura Mitchell, Matt Whitbeck, Galen Scott
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Abstract

We compared elevation trajectories from 14 rod surface elevation table (RSET) stations and 60 real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) transects within the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (BNWR) from 2010–2013. The results were similar, 7.3 ± 0.9 (mean ± standard error; RSET) versus 6.2 ± 0.6 mm year−1 (RTK) (P = 0.216), and were greater than relative sea level rise (RSLR) computed at the nearest long-term tide station (3.9 ± 0.29 mm year−1). Despite having shown elevation gain, these wetlands continue to drown and convert to open water. Episodic, multi-day GPS measurements on geodetic control marks at BNWR between 2005 and 2023 revealed a substantial vertical land motion (VLM) signal. From 2005 to 2015, three reference marks used to control the 2010–2013 RTK study lost on average 6.0 ± 0.7 mm year−1, corresponding to 80% and 94% of the elevation gain measured by the RSET and RTK techniques, respectively. The longer 18-year subsidence trend measured on one of these marks was lower, 3.9 ± 0.7 mm year−1, highlighting important interannual variability. Wetland elevation change measurements need to account for VLM occurring below the reference marks used to measure elevation change. Estimates from the nearest long-term tide station may not be applicable to the wetland if the tide station is in a different geological setting. At BNWR, VLM was higher than the VLM at the Cambridge tide station, which helps explain why wetlands at BNWR are not keeping pace with RSLR despite the measured high rates of elevation gain.

Abstract Image

在湿地地表高程变化分析中纳入陆地垂直运动测量数据
我们比较了 2010-2013 年黑水国家野生动物保护区 (BNWR) 内 14 个杆表高程表 (RSET) 站和 60 个实时运动学 (RTK) 全球定位系统 (GPS) 断面的海拔轨迹。结果相似,分别为 7.3 ± 0.9(平均值 ± 标准误差;RSET)和 6.2 ± 0.6 mm year-1(RTK)(P = 0.216),且高于最近的长期潮汐站计算的相对海平面上升(RSLR)(3.9 ± 0.29 mm year-1)。尽管海拔有所上升,但这些湿地仍在继续淹没并转化为开阔水域。2005 年至 2023 年期间,对 BNWR 的大地测量控制点进行的偶发性、多日 GPS 测量显示了大量的垂直陆地运动(VLM)信号。从 2005 年到 2015 年,用于控制 2010-2013 年 RTK 研究的三个基准点平均每年下沉 6.0 ± 0.7 毫米,分别相当于 RSET 和 RTK 技术所测高程增量的 80% 和 94%。在其中一个标记上测量到的更长的 18 年沉降趋势则更低,为 3.9 ± 0.7 毫米/年,凸显了重要的年际变化。湿地高程变化测量需要考虑用于测量高程变化的参考点下方发生的 VLM。如果潮汐站处于不同的地质环境中,则最近的长期潮汐站的估算值可能不适用于湿地。在 BNWR,VLM 高于剑桥潮汐站的 VLM,这有助于解释为什么 BNWR 的湿地尽管测得了较高的海拔上升率,却没有跟上 RSLR 的步伐。
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来源期刊
Estuaries and Coasts
Estuaries and Coasts 环境科学-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
11.10%
发文量
107
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Estuaries and Coasts is the journal of the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF). Begun in 1977 as Chesapeake Science, the journal has gradually expanded its scope and circulation. Today, the journal publishes scholarly manuscripts on estuarine and near coastal ecosystems at the interface between the land and the sea where there are tidal fluctuations or sea water is diluted by fresh water. The interface is broadly defined to include estuaries and nearshore coastal waters including lagoons, wetlands, tidal fresh water, shores and beaches, but not the continental shelf. The journal covers research on physical, chemical, geological or biological processes, as well as applications to management of estuaries and coasts. The journal publishes original research findings, reviews and perspectives, techniques, comments, and management applications. Estuaries and Coasts will consider properly carried out studies that present inconclusive findings or document a failed replication of previously published work. Submissions that are primarily descriptive, strongly place-based, or only report on development of models or new methods without detailing their applications fall outside the scope of the journal.
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