Harez Rashid Ahmed, Mohammed Ali Salih, Nian N. M. Agha, Diary Ibrahim Tofiq, Mozart A. H. Karim, Kawan F. Kayani, Anu Mary Ealias, Rebaz F. Hamarawf, Bakhtyar K. Aziz, Lanya Omer Khatab
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Abstract
This study investigates the potential of pomegranate peel (PP) as a raw material for synthesizing a novel biocatalyst metal oxide (BCMO) aimed at the efficient removal of methyl orange (MO) dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacities of both PP and BCMO were systematically evaluated. PP was subjected to inorganic salt treatment and calcination to enhance its adsorption capacity and increase attractive forces at the nanoparticle level. The surface characteristics of the biocatalyst were thoroughly examined using FTIR, SEM, BET analysis, and EDX spectroscopy, revealing the development of a crystalline structure following treatment with Mg(NO3)2⋅6H2O, along with observable changes in surface morphology and elemental composition. Under standard conditions, BCMO demonstrated a significant increase in efficiency, achieving 99.80% removal for 100 mg/L of methyl orange, compared to 44% for untreated PP at 50 mg/L. Kinetic analysis indicated a transition from pseudo-first-order to pseudo-second-order, signifying a shift from physical to chemical adsorption. This transition resulted in a substantial reduction in equilibrium time and a significant increase in maximum adsorption capacity from 17.3637 to 176.686 mg/g. Furthermore, the catalytic efficiency of BCMO was assessed over seven cycles, showing only a minor 5% reduction in efficiency, indicating its potential for practical applications. The environmental sustainability of the road was assessed using the AGREE and BAGI indicators, both of which are considered exemplary measures of environmental friendliness.
期刊介绍：
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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