Exosomes: a significant medium for regulating drug resistance through cargo delivery

IF 3.9 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI:10.3389/fmolb.2024.1379822

Bixuan Ren, Xiaoqing Li, Zhihua Zhang, Sheng Tai, Shan Yu

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Abstract

Exosomes are small lipid nanovesicles with a diameter of 30–150 nm. They are present in all body fluids and are actively secreted by the majority of cells through the process of exocytosis. Exosomes play an essential role in intercellular communication and act as significant molecular carriers in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as the emergence of drug resistance in tumors. Tumor-associated exosomes transfer drug resistance to other tumor cells by releasing substances such as multidrug resistance proteins and miRNAs through exosomes. These substances change the cell phenotype, making it resistant to drugs. Tumor-associated exosomes also play a role in impacting drug resistance in other cells, like immune cells and stromal cells. Exosomes alter the behavior and function of these cells to help tumor cells evade immune surveillance and form a tumor niche. In addition, exosomes also export substances such as tumoricidal drugs and neutralizing antibody drugs to help tumor cells resist drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of exosomes in promoting drug resistance by delivering cargo in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME).

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外泌体：通过货物运输调节耐药性的重要媒介

外泌体是一种小型脂质纳米囊泡，直径为 30-150 纳米。它们存在于所有体液中，由大多数细胞通过外泌过程主动分泌。外泌体在细胞间通信中发挥着重要作用，是调节各种生理和病理过程（如肿瘤耐药性的产生）的重要分子载体。肿瘤相关外泌体通过外泌体释放多药耐药蛋白和 miRNA 等物质，将耐药性传递给其他肿瘤细胞。这些物质会改变细胞表型，使其产生抗药性。肿瘤相关外泌体还在影响免疫细胞和基质细胞等其他细胞的耐药性方面发挥作用。外泌体改变这些细胞的行为和功能，帮助肿瘤细胞逃避免疫监视并形成肿瘤龛。此外，外泌体还能输出杀瘤药物和中和抗体药物等物质，帮助肿瘤细胞抵抗药物治疗。在这篇综述中，我们将总结外泌体在肿瘤微环境（TME）中通过递送货物促进耐药性的机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.00%

发文量

1361

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Much of contemporary investigation in the life sciences is devoted to the molecular-scale understanding of the relationships between genes and the environment — in particular, dynamic alterations in the levels, modifications, and interactions of cellular effectors, including proteins. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences offers an international publication platform for basic as well as applied research; we encourage contributions spanning both established and emerging areas of biology. To this end, the journal draws from empirical disciplines such as structural biology, enzymology, biochemistry, and biophysics, capitalizing as well on the technological advancements that have enabled metabolomics and proteomics measurements in massively parallel throughput, and the development of robust and innovative computational biology strategies. We also recognize influences from medicine and technology, welcoming studies in molecular genetics, molecular diagnostics and therapeutics, and nanotechnology. Our ultimate objective is the comprehensive illustration of the molecular mechanisms regulating proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and small metabolites in organisms across all branches of life. In addition to interesting new findings, techniques, and applications, Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences will consider new testable hypotheses to inspire different perspectives and stimulate scientific dialogue. The integration of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches will benefit endeavors across all domains of the life sciences.