Kinetic scale magnetic holes in the terrestrial magnetosheath: A review

IF 6 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Quanqi Shi, Shutao Yao, Maria Hamrin, Ji Liu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Magnetic holes at the ion-to-electron kinetic scale (KSMHs) are one of the extremely small intermittent structures generated in turbulent magnetized plasmas. In recent years, the explorations of KSMHs have made substantial strides, driven by the ultra-high-precision observational data gathered from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. This review paper summarizes the up-to-date characteristics of the KSMHs observed in Earth’s turbulent magnetosheath, as well as their potential impacts on space plasma. This review starts by introducing the fundamental properties of the KSMHs, including observational features, particle behaviors, scales, geometries, and distributions in terrestrial space. Researchers have discovered that KSMHs display a quasi-circular electron vortex-like structure attributed to electron diamagnetic drift. These electrons exhibit noticeable non-gyrotropy and undergo acceleration. The occurrence rate of KSMH in the Earth’s magnetosheath is significantly greater than in the solar wind and magnetotail, suggesting the turbulent magnetosheath is a primary source region. Additionally, KSMHs have also been generated in turbulence simulations and successfully reproduced by the kinetic equilibrium models. Furthermore, KSMHs have demonstrated their ability to accelerate electrons by a novel non-adiabatic electron acceleration mechanism, serve as an additional avenue for energy dissipation during magnetic reconnection, and generate diverse wave phenomena, including whistler waves, electrostatic solitary waves, and electron cyclotron waves in space plasma. These results highlight the magnetic hole’s impact such as wave-particle interaction, energy cascade/dissipation, and particle acceleration/heating in space plasma. We end this paper by summarizing these discoveries, discussing the generation mechanism, similar structures, and observations in the Earth’s magnetotail and solar wind, and presenting a future extension perspective in this active field.

地球磁鞘中的动量尺度磁洞:综述
离子-电子动力学尺度的磁洞(KSMHs)是湍流磁化等离子体中产生的一种极小的间歇结构。近年来,在磁层多尺度(MMS)任务收集的超高精度观测数据的推动下,对KSMHs的探索取得了长足的进步。本综述总结了在地球湍流磁鞘中观测到的 KSMHs 的最新特征及其对空间等离子体的潜在影响。这篇综述首先介绍了 KSMHs 的基本特性,包括观测特征、粒子行为、尺度、几何形状以及在地球空间的分布。研究人员发现,KSMHs 显示出一种由电子二磁漂移引起的准圆形电子漩涡状结构。这些电子表现出明显的非旋转性并发生加速。地球磁鞘中的 KSMH 出现率明显高于太阳风和磁尾,这表明湍流磁鞘是一个主要来源区域。此外,在湍流模拟中也产生了 KSMHs,并被动力学平衡模型成功再现。此外,磁洞还证明了其通过一种新颖的非绝热电子加速机制加速电子的能力,在磁重联过程中作为能量耗散的额外途径,并产生多种波现象,包括空间等离子体中的啸叫波、静电孤波和电子回旋波。这些结果凸显了磁洞的影响,如空间等离子体中的波粒相互作用、能量级联/耗散和粒子加速/加热。最后,我们总结了这些发现,讨论了磁洞的产生机制、类似结构以及在地球磁尾和太阳风中的观测结果,并提出了这一活跃领域的未来发展前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Science China Earth Sciences
Science China Earth Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
5.30%
发文量
135
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Science China Earth Sciences, an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and published by Science China Press, is committed to publishing high-quality, original results in both basic and applied research.
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