Metal-free decarboxylative C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation for the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides via convergent paired electrolysis enabled radical–radical cross-coupling†
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Herein, we present the first metal-free decarboxylative C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupling of glycine derivatives with redox-active esters through highly atom and energy economical convergent paired electrolysis enabled radical–radical cross-coupling. Under mild and scalable conditions, various α-alkylated unnatural α-amino acids were prepared efficiently from readily available starting materials. The key point for the successful implementation of this strategy is minimizing the interelectrode distance to permit the rapid diffusion of radical species and outpace radical decomposition. Mechanistic investigations showed a radical–radical coupling pathway generated from anode and cathode simultaneously in the same electrolysis system. This novel protocol was successfully applied for the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals, amino acids and peptides.
期刊介绍:
Green Chemistry is a journal that provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998), which defines green chemistry as the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry aims to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. The journal welcomes submissions on all aspects of research relating to this endeavor and publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. For a work to be published, it must present a significant advance in green chemistry, including a comparison with existing methods and a demonstration of advantages over those methods.