{"title":"Analysis of the complement component C4 gene with schizophrenia subphenotypes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.039","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The complement component <em>C4</em> gene has been identified as a strong marker for schizophrenia (SCZ) risk. The <em>C4</em> gene has a complex genetic structure consisting of variable structural elements (<em>C4</em>A, <em>C4</em>B, <em>C4</em>L, and <em>C4</em>S) and compound structural forms (<em>C4</em>AL, <em>C4</em>BL, <em>C4</em>AS and <em>C4</em>BS). In addition, the variations in <em>C4</em> structural forms may have a direct or indirect effect on the brain expression level of C4A and C4B proteins. Previous studies have associated <em>C4</em>AL with higher brain <em>C4</em>A expression and sex-dimorphism of <em>C4</em> between males and females was observed.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>A total of 613 patients with DSM-IV SCZ or schizoaffective disorder (SCZ-AFF) were recruited to investigate the relationship between <em>C4</em> gene variants and clinical characteristics of SCZ (age of onset, symptom severity, and global assessment of functioning (GAF)). This study also explored the effect of sex on the association of <em>C4</em> with SCZ. 434 patients were included in the final analyses after genetic quality control.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed associations between <em>C4</em> and clinical characteristics of SCZ (age of onset, symptom severity, GAF) and found significant differences when males and females were examined separately.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, our preliminary findings encourage future investigations of <em>C4</em> in SCZ-related phenotypes, including antipsychotic response and side effects. The study sample was of moderate size; therefore, further studies in larger samples are needed to extend and validate these results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996424003451/pdfft?md5=f41b1d8273d895c0797fc78ebe50ab34&pid=1-s2.0-S0920996424003451-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Schizophrenia Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996424003451","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
The complement component C4 gene has been identified as a strong marker for schizophrenia (SCZ) risk. The C4 gene has a complex genetic structure consisting of variable structural elements (C4A, C4B, C4L, and C4S) and compound structural forms (C4AL, C4BL, C4AS and C4BS). In addition, the variations in C4 structural forms may have a direct or indirect effect on the brain expression level of C4A and C4B proteins. Previous studies have associated C4AL with higher brain C4A expression and sex-dimorphism of C4 between males and females was observed.
Study design
A total of 613 patients with DSM-IV SCZ or schizoaffective disorder (SCZ-AFF) were recruited to investigate the relationship between C4 gene variants and clinical characteristics of SCZ (age of onset, symptom severity, and global assessment of functioning (GAF)). This study also explored the effect of sex on the association of C4 with SCZ. 434 patients were included in the final analyses after genetic quality control.
Results
We observed associations between C4 and clinical characteristics of SCZ (age of onset, symptom severity, GAF) and found significant differences when males and females were examined separately.
Conclusion
Overall, our preliminary findings encourage future investigations of C4 in SCZ-related phenotypes, including antipsychotic response and side effects. The study sample was of moderate size; therefore, further studies in larger samples are needed to extend and validate these results.
期刊介绍:
As official journal of the Schizophrenia International Research Society (SIRS) Schizophrenia Research is THE journal of choice for international researchers and clinicians to share their work with the global schizophrenia research community. More than 6000 institutes have online or print (or both) access to this journal - the largest specialist journal in the field, with the largest readership!
Schizophrenia Research''s time to first decision is as fast as 6 weeks and its publishing speed is as fast as 4 weeks until online publication (corrected proof/Article in Press) after acceptance and 14 weeks from acceptance until publication in a printed issue.
The journal publishes novel papers that really contribute to understanding the biology and treatment of schizophrenic disorders; Schizophrenia Research brings together biological, clinical and psychological research in order to stimulate the synthesis of findings from all disciplines involved in improving patient outcomes in schizophrenia.