Regeneration of tunic cuticle is suppressed in edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi contracting soft tunic syndrome.

IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES
Kei Nakayama, Yumiko Obayashi, Leo Munechika, Shin-Ichi Kitamura, Tetsuya Yanagida, Miho Honjo, Shoko Murakami, Euichi Hirose
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Soft tunic syndrome is an infectious disease caused by the flagellate Azumiobodo hoyamushi, which severely damages the aquaculture of the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. Tunic is a cellulosic extracellular matrix entirely covering the body in ascidians and other tunicates, and its dense cuticle layer covers the tunic surface as a physical barrier against microorganisms. When the tunic of intact H. roretzi individuals was cut into strips, electron-dense fibers (DFs) appeared on the cut surface of the tunic matrix and aggregated to regenerate a new cuticular layer in seawater within a few days. DF formation was partially or completely inhibited in individuals with soft tunic syndrome, and DF formation was also inhibited by the presence of some proteases, indicating the involvement of proteolysis in the process of tunic softening as well as cuticle regeneration. Using pure cultures of the causative flagellate A. hoyamushi, the expression of protease genes and secretion of some proteases were confirmed by RNA-seq analysis and a 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide substrate assay. Some of these proteases may degrade proteins in the tunic matrix. These findings suggest that the proteases of A. hoyamushi is the key to understanding the mechanisms of cuticular regeneration inhibition and tunic softening.

食用腹足纲 Halocynthia roretzi 感染软鳞茎皮综合征后,鳞茎皮的再生受到抑制。
软鳞片综合症是一种由鞭毛虫 "Azumiobodo hoyamushi "引起的传染病,它严重损害了可食用腹足类 Halocynthia roretzi 的养殖。鳞茎皮是一种纤维素细胞外基质,完全覆盖在腹足类和其他鳞茎类动物的身体上,其致密的角质层覆盖在鳞茎皮表面,作为抵御微生物的物理屏障。将完整的栉水母的鳞片切成条状后,鳞片基质的切面上会出现电子致密纤维(DFs),并在几天内聚集在一起,在海水中再生出新的角质层。软鳞茎皮综合征患者的电子致密纤维(DFs)形成受到部分或完全抑制,某些蛋白酶的存在也抑制了电子致密纤维的形成,这表明蛋白分解参与了鳞茎皮软化和角质层再生的过程。利用致病鞭毛虫 A. hoyamushi 的纯培养物,通过 RNA-seq 分析和 4-甲基迷迭香-7-酰胺底物测定,证实了蛋白酶基因的表达和一些蛋白酶的分泌。其中一些蛋白酶可能会降解鳞茎皮基质中的蛋白质。这些发现表明,A. hoyamushi 的蛋白酶是了解角质层再生抑制和鳞茎皮软化机制的关键。
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来源期刊
Diseases of aquatic organisms
Diseases of aquatic organisms 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
53
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: DAO publishes Research Articles, Reviews, and Notes, as well as Comments/Reply Comments (for details see DAO 48:161), Theme Sections and Opinion Pieces. For details consult the Guidelines for Authors. Papers may cover all forms of life - animals, plants and microorganisms - in marine, limnetic and brackish habitats. DAO''s scope includes any research focusing on diseases in aquatic organisms, specifically: -Diseases caused by coexisting organisms, e.g. viruses, bacteria, fungi, protistans, metazoans; characterization of pathogens -Diseases caused by abiotic factors (critical intensities of environmental properties, including pollution)- Diseases due to internal circumstances (innate, idiopathic, genetic)- Diseases due to proliferative disorders (neoplasms)- Disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention- Molecular aspects of diseases- Nutritional disorders- Stress and physical injuries- Epidemiology/epizootiology- Parasitology- Toxicology- Diseases of aquatic organisms affecting human health and well-being (with the focus on the aquatic organism)- Diseases as indicators of humanity''s detrimental impact on nature- Genomics, proteomics and metabolomics of disease- Immunology and disease prevention- Animal welfare- Zoonosis
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