Enhancement of α to β phase transformation in poly (vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites under uni-axial stretch: Contribution from restriction of nano-particles

IF 5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Polymer Testing Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108516

Lei Gong , Yiwei Hao , Hongxue Liu , Bo Xi , Yonghui Cao , Yong Cao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Electroactive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with predominantly the β-phase is now challenging the fabricating of PVDF toward energy storage applications. Here, the comprehensive effect of BaTiO₃ nano-particles and mechanical stretching on the improvement of the β-phase of PVDF was investigated. In situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were performed to investigate this behavior. Consequently, the transformation rate of β-crystal for both pure PVDF (BT0) and PVDF/BaTiO₃ (90/10) nanocomposites (BT1) decreases as the stretching temperature increases, implying that the high temperature is unfavorable to the formation of β-crystal phase. A synergistic enhancement of the β-phase of nano-particle additives and stretching was discovered. It was surprisingly observed that α-phase of PVDF would completely transform into β-crystal in BT1 sample at 100 °C during stretching. The mechanism of the synergistic effect of BaTiO₃ nano-particles and mechanical stretching was proposed. Moreover, machine learning was implemented to predict the fraction of β-crystal phase (F(β)) of the PVDF/BaTiO₃ composites under various uni-axial stretching conditions by Python 3.8. The results show that the machine learning technique can rapidly and efficiently discover the ideal value of F(β) and the optimal multivariate coupling conditions.

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单轴拉伸下增强聚偏氟乙烯纳米复合材料的 α 到 β 相变：纳米颗粒的限制作用

目前，以β相为主的电活性聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）的制造正面临着储能应用的挑战。本文研究了 BaTiO3 纳米粒子和机械拉伸对改善 PVDF β 相的综合影响。为了研究这种行为，进行了原位同步辐射广角 X 射线衍射 (WAXD) 和小角 X 射线散射 (SAXS) 测量。结果表明，随着拉伸温度的升高，纯 PVDF（BT0）和 PVDF/BaTiO3 (90/10) 纳米复合材料（BT1）的 β 晶体转化率均降低，这意味着高温不利于 β 晶体相的形成。纳米颗粒添加剂和拉伸对 β 相的协同增效作用被发现。令人惊讶的是，在 100 °C 拉伸过程中，BT1 样品中 PVDF 的 α 相会完全转变为 β 晶体。提出了 BaTiO3 纳米粒子与机械拉伸协同作用的机理。此外，还利用 Python 3.8 进行了机器学习，以预测在各种单轴拉伸条件下 PVDF/BaTiO3 复合材料的 β 晶相比例（F(β)）。结果表明，机器学习技术可以快速有效地发现 F(β) 的理想值和最佳多元耦合条件。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymer Testing 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

5.90%

发文量

328

审稿时长

44 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Testing focuses on the testing, analysis and characterization of polymer materials, including both synthetic and natural or biobased polymers. Novel testing methods and the testing of novel polymeric materials in bulk, solution and dispersion is covered. In addition, we welcome the submission of the testing of polymeric materials for a wide range of applications and industrial products as well as nanoscale characterization. The scope includes but is not limited to the following main topics: Novel testing methods and Chemical analysis • mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, imaging, spectroscopy, scattering and rheology Physical properties and behaviour of novel polymer systems • nanoscale properties, morphology, transport properties Degradation and recycling of polymeric materials when combined with novel testing or characterization methods • degradation, biodegradation, ageing and fire retardancy Modelling and Simulation work will be only considered when it is linked to new or previously published experimental results.