{"title":"Extraction of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba L. exocarp and their efficacies against Tetranychus cinnabarinus","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106863","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spider mites cause substantial economic losses and are difficult to control in agricultural systems. <em>Ginkgo biloba</em> L. extract has potential as an acaricide, although its specific acaricidal components have yet to be identified. We used bioassay-guided isolation to isolate and purify three main ginkgolic acid (GA) compounds (C13:0, C15:1, and C17:1). Their chemical structures were identified as <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and IR, respectively. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of GA C13:0, GA C15:1, and GA C17:1 against <em>Tetranychus cinnabarinus</em> were 777.75, 481.07, and 180.25 μg mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, demonstrating high toxicity. The efficacies of 23% GA soluble liquid (SL) with a dosage of 1500 a.i. g·hm<sup>−2</sup> after 14 days were 82.45% and 85.41%, respectively, in Dali County and Chengcheng County, Weinan, China. The GA extraction process was optimized using methanol as the extraction solvent, heating and refluxing at 60 °C for 4 h at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4, and repeating the process twice. The GA extraction rate of <em>G. biloba</em> exocarp was 43.2%, and the total extraction content of the three main GA compounds was 68.73%. Our optimization of the GA extraction process from <em>G. biloba</em> exocarp has the potential to be applied on an industrial scale, and GAs could be used as a commercial acaricide for controlling mites in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Crop Protection","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219424002916","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Spider mites cause substantial economic losses and are difficult to control in agricultural systems. Ginkgo biloba L. extract has potential as an acaricide, although its specific acaricidal components have yet to be identified. We used bioassay-guided isolation to isolate and purify three main ginkgolic acid (GA) compounds (C13:0, C15:1, and C17:1). Their chemical structures were identified as 1H, 13C, and IR, respectively. The LC50 values of GA C13:0, GA C15:1, and GA C17:1 against Tetranychus cinnabarinus were 777.75, 481.07, and 180.25 μg mL−1, respectively, demonstrating high toxicity. The efficacies of 23% GA soluble liquid (SL) with a dosage of 1500 a.i. g·hm−2 after 14 days were 82.45% and 85.41%, respectively, in Dali County and Chengcheng County, Weinan, China. The GA extraction process was optimized using methanol as the extraction solvent, heating and refluxing at 60 °C for 4 h at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4, and repeating the process twice. The GA extraction rate of G. biloba exocarp was 43.2%, and the total extraction content of the three main GA compounds was 68.73%. Our optimization of the GA extraction process from G. biloba exocarp has the potential to be applied on an industrial scale, and GAs could be used as a commercial acaricide for controlling mites in the future.
期刊介绍:
The Editors of Crop Protection especially welcome papers describing an interdisciplinary approach showing how different control strategies can be integrated into practical pest management programs, covering high and low input agricultural systems worldwide. Crop Protection particularly emphasizes the practical aspects of control in the field and for protected crops, and includes work which may lead in the near future to more effective control. The journal does not duplicate the many existing excellent biological science journals, which deal mainly with the more fundamental aspects of plant pathology, applied zoology and weed science. Crop Protection covers all practical aspects of pest, disease and weed control, including the following topics:
-Abiotic damage-
Agronomic control methods-
Assessment of pest and disease damage-
Molecular methods for the detection and assessment of pests and diseases-
Biological control-
Biorational pesticides-
Control of animal pests of world crops-
Control of diseases of crop plants caused by microorganisms-
Control of weeds and integrated management-
Economic considerations-
Effects of plant growth regulators-
Environmental benefits of reduced pesticide use-
Environmental effects of pesticides-
Epidemiology of pests and diseases in relation to control-
GM Crops, and genetic engineering applications-
Importance and control of postharvest crop losses-
Integrated control-
Interrelationships and compatibility among different control strategies-
Invasive species as they relate to implications for crop protection-
Pesticide application methods-
Pest management-
Phytobiomes for pest and disease control-
Resistance management-
Sampling and monitoring schemes for diseases, nematodes, pests and weeds.