Virtual tower measurements during the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN)

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
R. Newsom, R. Krishnamurthy, Duli Chand, M. Pekour, Colleen M Kaul, Donna Flynn, L. Goldberger, R. Rai, S. Wharton
{"title":"Virtual tower measurements during the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN)","authors":"R. Newsom, R. Krishnamurthy, Duli Chand, M. Pekour, Colleen M Kaul, Donna Flynn, L. Goldberger, R. Rai, S. Wharton","doi":"10.1063/5.0206844","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Dual-Doppler lidar measurements were made during the American WAKE ExperimeNt to provide height-resolved measurements of wind speed and direction at multiple locations immediately south of the leading row turbines in the King Plains wind farm in Oklahoma. These so-called virtual tower measurements were performed to characterize the inflow into the wind farm and to assess possible upwind blockage effects due to the collective action of the wind farm. The campaign was conducted from 12 November 2022 to 17 October 2023, during which time 14 unique virtual tower locations were sampled with heights ranging from 240 to 490 m AGL. The wind retrieval algorithm provided estimates of the horizontal winds and their uncertainties with a vertical resolution of about 10 m, while also accounting for the tilt of the lidar platform. The virtual tower results are compared to collocated lidar wind profiling data at the A1 site, which was located roughly 2.4 rotor diameters south of the nearest turbine. The wind speed difference between the wind profiler and the virtual tower was found to be quite sensitive to atmospheric stability and wind direction below 250 m AGL. The largest differences were observed for inflow under stable conditions, where the profiler wind speeds were observed to be about 22% lower than the virtual tower near hub height. These results suggest that there are persistent horizontal gradients in the flow upwind of the wind farm which result in biased estimates using standard ground-based lidar wind profiling methods.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0206844","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Dual-Doppler lidar measurements were made during the American WAKE ExperimeNt to provide height-resolved measurements of wind speed and direction at multiple locations immediately south of the leading row turbines in the King Plains wind farm in Oklahoma. These so-called virtual tower measurements were performed to characterize the inflow into the wind farm and to assess possible upwind blockage effects due to the collective action of the wind farm. The campaign was conducted from 12 November 2022 to 17 October 2023, during which time 14 unique virtual tower locations were sampled with heights ranging from 240 to 490 m AGL. The wind retrieval algorithm provided estimates of the horizontal winds and their uncertainties with a vertical resolution of about 10 m, while also accounting for the tilt of the lidar platform. The virtual tower results are compared to collocated lidar wind profiling data at the A1 site, which was located roughly 2.4 rotor diameters south of the nearest turbine. The wind speed difference between the wind profiler and the virtual tower was found to be quite sensitive to atmospheric stability and wind direction below 250 m AGL. The largest differences were observed for inflow under stable conditions, where the profiler wind speeds were observed to be about 22% lower than the virtual tower near hub height. These results suggest that there are persistent horizontal gradients in the flow upwind of the wind farm which result in biased estimates using standard ground-based lidar wind profiling methods.
美国 WAKE 实验(AWAKEN)期间的虚拟塔测量结果
双多普勒激光雷达测量是在美国 WAKE 实验期间进行的,目的是提供紧靠俄克拉荷马州 King Plains 风电场前排涡轮机南侧多个位置的风速和风向的高度分辨测量结果。进行这些所谓的虚拟塔架测量是为了确定流入风电场的风的特性,并评估风电场的集体行动可能造成的上风阻塞效应。测量活动于 2022 年 11 月 12 日至 2023 年 10 月 17 日进行,期间对 14 个独特的虚拟塔位置进行了采样,高度从 AGL 240 米至 490 米不等。风检索算法提供了水平风及其不确定性的估计值,垂直分辨率约为 10 米,同时还考虑了激光雷达平台的倾斜度。虚拟塔的结果与 A1 站点的激光雷达风廓线数据进行了比较,A1 站点位于最近的涡轮机以南约 2.4 转子直径处。结果发现,风廓线仪和虚拟塔之间的风速差对大气稳定性和 AGL 250 米以下的风向相当敏感。在稳定条件下观察到的最大差异是流入风,在接近轮毂高度时,风廓线仪的风速比虚拟塔低约 22%。这些结果表明,风电场上风方向的气流存在持续的水平梯度,这导致使用标准地基激光雷达风廓线方法进行的估算存在偏差。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信