{"title":"A constitutive model that couples light propagation direction and deformation for photo-responsive polymers and polymeric gels","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2024.105786","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Light serves a pivotal function in polymer systems, creating a dynamic interplay with the materials. It initiates various photochemical processes such as polymerization, phase transitions, photo-isomerization, photo-ionization, etc, endowing the polymers with diverse functionalities. Concurrently, as these materials undergo the changes, their shape and optical properties evolve, which also change the light behaviors in terms of reflection, refraction, and propagation. This mutual interaction is intricate and can lead to novel phenomena. Understanding this complex coupling is crucial for generating new insights and paves the way for innovative design possibilities. In this study, we combine principles of geometrical optics with a nonlinear chemomechanical theory to investigate the interdependent effects of light direction and polymer behavior, including reactions and deformations. We apply this framework to a photo-responsive hydrogel, comparing simulation with experimental results to extract necessary material properties and using the calibrated model to propose a new design of an optical fiber actuator through simulations. This example highlights how the interaction between light direction and the hydrogel’s photo-induced swelling governs actuation, and we discuss strategies to leverage this understanding for enhanced control and functionality of such devices. Additionally, we employ the model to analyze the growth morphology of the photo-responsive hydrogel, offering a detailed examination of how these interactive forces contribute to the gel’s photo-induced morphological evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022509624002527","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Light serves a pivotal function in polymer systems, creating a dynamic interplay with the materials. It initiates various photochemical processes such as polymerization, phase transitions, photo-isomerization, photo-ionization, etc, endowing the polymers with diverse functionalities. Concurrently, as these materials undergo the changes, their shape and optical properties evolve, which also change the light behaviors in terms of reflection, refraction, and propagation. This mutual interaction is intricate and can lead to novel phenomena. Understanding this complex coupling is crucial for generating new insights and paves the way for innovative design possibilities. In this study, we combine principles of geometrical optics with a nonlinear chemomechanical theory to investigate the interdependent effects of light direction and polymer behavior, including reactions and deformations. We apply this framework to a photo-responsive hydrogel, comparing simulation with experimental results to extract necessary material properties and using the calibrated model to propose a new design of an optical fiber actuator through simulations. This example highlights how the interaction between light direction and the hydrogel’s photo-induced swelling governs actuation, and we discuss strategies to leverage this understanding for enhanced control and functionality of such devices. Additionally, we employ the model to analyze the growth morphology of the photo-responsive hydrogel, offering a detailed examination of how these interactive forces contribute to the gel’s photo-induced morphological evolution.
期刊介绍:
The aim of Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids is to publish research of the highest quality and of lasting significance on the mechanics of solids. The scope is broad, from fundamental concepts in mechanics to the analysis of novel phenomena and applications. Solids are interpreted broadly to include both hard and soft materials as well as natural and synthetic structures. The approach can be theoretical, experimental or computational.This research activity sits within engineering science and the allied areas of applied mathematics, materials science, bio-mechanics, applied physics, and geophysics.
The Journal was founded in 1952 by Rodney Hill, who was its Editor-in-Chief until 1968. The topics of interest to the Journal evolve with developments in the subject but its basic ethos remains the same: to publish research of the highest quality relating to the mechanics of solids. Thus, emphasis is placed on the development of fundamental concepts of mechanics and novel applications of these concepts based on theoretical, experimental or computational approaches, drawing upon the various branches of engineering science and the allied areas within applied mathematics, materials science, structural engineering, applied physics, and geophysics.
The main purpose of the Journal is to foster scientific understanding of the processes of deformation and mechanical failure of all solid materials, both technological and natural, and the connections between these processes and their underlying physical mechanisms. In this sense, the content of the Journal should reflect the current state of the discipline in analysis, experimental observation, and numerical simulation. In the interest of achieving this goal, authors are encouraged to consider the significance of their contributions for the field of mechanics and the implications of their results, in addition to describing the details of their work.