Assessment of seasonal impacts on Water Quality in Yamuna river using Water Quality Index and Multivariate Statistical approaches

Waste Management Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI:10.1016/j.wmb.2024.07.006

Runit Isaac , Shaziya Siddiqui , Prerna Higgins , Abhay Sahil Paul , Noel Abhick Lawrence , Anurag Samson Lall , Afsana Khatoon , Astha Singh , Praveen Andrew Majeed , Sheersh Massey , Aman Prasad

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Abstract

This study analyzed the water quality of the Yamuna river in Prayagraj across nine locations where the sampling was done upstream, downstream and middle stream from May 2019 to April 2020 using fourteen water quality parameters. Quarterly samples showed good Water Quality Index (WQI) values for summer (95.19), monsoon (77.28), and winter (90.77), but a decline in spring (102.11) due to religious activities was observed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy suggested high concentration of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K, and P in the river. Principal Component Analysis revealed 9 significant factors (eigen value >0.5) covering 25.13 – 93.89 % variance. Strong correlations included TDS-EC (0.853) and Ca²⁺ – Mg²⁺ (1.00) was observed. The correlation between water quality parameters generated by principal component analysis showed that the main parameters affecting the water quality vary in all the seasons. Based on the water quality indicators, anthropogenic activities are accountable to deteriorate the quality of river water. Therefore, the pollution status of the river need to be made publicly.

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利用水质指数方法评估季节对亚穆纳河水质的影响

本研究分析了普拉亚格拉杰亚穆纳河的水质，从 2019 年 5 月到 2020 年 4 月，在上游、下游和中游的九个地点进行了取样，采用了十四个水质参数。季度样本显示，夏季（95.19）、季风（77.28）和冬季（90.77）的水质指数（WQI）值良好，但春季（102.11）因宗教活动而有所下降。电感耦合等离子体质谱分析表明，河流中的 Ca2+、Mg2+、K 和 P 浓度较高。主成分分析显示有 9 个重要因子（特征值为 0.5），覆盖了 25.13 - 93.89 % 的方差。其中，TDS-EC（0.853）和 Ca2+ - Mg2+ （1.00）具有很强的相关性。通过主成分分析得出的水质参数之间的相关性表明，影响水质的主要参数在各个季节都有所不同。根据水质指标，人为活动是导致河水水质恶化的原因。因此，需要公开河流的污染状况。

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Waste Management Bulletin

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