Different lies to different audiences: Tax avoidance versus earnings inflation

IF 5.6 2区 经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE
Ziyao San , Zhizhong Huang , Ling Zhou , Zejiang Zhou
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Abstract

Using a proprietary dataset collected by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (NBS), we are able to compare earnings reported to the NBS in the pre-IPO (initial public offerings) period with earnings for the same firm and the same year reported in firms' IPO prospectus. While Ball and Shivakumar (2008) find that in the U.K., financials reported at IPOs tend to be more conservative than the original reports, we find the opposite: income reported by Chinese firms in their IPO prospectus tend to be higher than those reported to the NBS. In the year immediately preceding the IPO, the discrepancy is mostly driven by firms inflating earnings in the IPO prospectus to increase issue prices. In earlier years, firms in provinces with weak law enforcement report lower earnings to the NBS to avoid taxes, which also contributes to the discrepancy between the IPO and NBS data. These findings suggest that firms tell different lies to different audiences. The discrepancy between the IPO and NBS earnings is positively correlated with the IPO issue price, indicating that firms are able to increase their IPO proceeds by raising earnings in the IPO prospectus from the original NBS reports. Furthermore, firms with the highest discrepancies experience the most significant declines in return on assets (ROA) and the most negative abnormal returns after the IPOs. Our paper complements the existent literature on earnings quality at IPOs, sheds light on firms' tax avoidance behaviors, and is of practical value to regulators.

对不同的受众撒不同的谎:避税与收入膨胀
利用中华人民共和国国家统计局(NBS)收集的专有数据集,我们可以将企业在 IPO(首次公开募股)前向国家统计局报告的收益与企业在 IPO 招股书中报告的同一企业同一年度的收益进行比较。Ball 和 Shivakumar(2008 年)发现,在英国,IPO 报告的财务数据往往比原始报告更为保守,而我们的发现恰恰相反:中国企业在 IPO 招股书中报告的收入往往高于向国家统计局报告的收入。在首次公开募股的前一年,这种差异主要是由于企业在首次公开募股说明书中夸大了收入,以提高发行价格。早些年,执法不力省份的企业为避税而向国家统计局上报的收益较低,这也是造成 IPO 数据与国家统计局数据不一致的原因之一。这些发现表明,企业对不同的受众撒了不同的谎。IPO 与国家统计局收益之间的差异与 IPO 发行价呈正相关,这表明企业能够通过提高 IPO 招股说明书中与国家统计局原始报告不符的收益来增加 IPO 募集资金。此外,差异最大的公司在首次公开募股后的资产回报率(ROA)下降最为显著,非正常回报率为负值。我们的论文补充了有关 IPO 盈利质量的现有文献,揭示了企业的避税行为,对监管机构具有实用价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
4.20%
发文量
85
审稿时长
100 days
期刊介绍: The intent of the editors is to consolidate Emerging Markets Review as the premier vehicle for publishing high impact empirical and theoretical studies in emerging markets finance. Preference will be given to comparative studies that take global and regional perspectives, detailed single country studies that address critical policy issues and have significant global and regional implications, and papers that address the interactions of national and international financial architecture. We especially welcome papers that take institutional as well as financial perspectives.
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