Neuroinflammation and mental health outcomes in adolescents living with HIV

Arish Mudra Rakshasa-Loots, Jaime H. Vera, Barbara Laughton
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Abstract

Adolescents living with HIV show chronic inflammation, which in turn has been linked to mental health outcomes in the general population. The increased risk for mental health issues in adolescents with HIV may thus be driven by HIV-related inflammation. In this review, we discuss the associations between peripheral and central nervous system inflammation and mental health outcomes in adolescents with HIV. Preclinical models indicate that expression of HIV viral proteins early in life may lead to neuroinflammation and behavioural deficits in adolescence. Clinical evidence is available primarily in the general population and in adults with HIV, and suggests that inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6 and TNF-α may be associated with depressive symptoms. Only one study has explored these relationships in adolescents with HIV, and did not find that inflammatory biomarkers in the blood or brain were linked to depressive symptoms. Current research in this field focuses overwhelmingly on peripheral inflammatory biomarkers (compared to neuroimaging biomarkers) and on depression (compared to other mental health conditions). There is strong evidence to suggest that neuroinflammation and peripheral inflammation may play a role in the development of mental health issues in adolescents, but research in adolescents with HIV is sparse. Characterizing the relationship between inflammation and mental health in adolescents with HIV may help improve the prediction, prevention, early intervention, and treatment of mental health issues in this population.
感染艾滋病毒的青少年的神经炎症和心理健康后果
感染艾滋病毒的青少年表现出慢性炎症,而这又与普通人群的心理健康结果有关。因此,感染艾滋病病毒的青少年出现心理健康问题的风险增加可能是由与艾滋病病毒相关的炎症引起的。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论感染艾滋病病毒的青少年外周和中枢神经系统炎症与心理健康结果之间的关联。 临床前模型表明,生命早期 HIV 病毒蛋白的表达可能会导致神经炎症和青春期行为缺陷。临床证据主要来自普通人群和成年艾滋病病毒感染者,表明炎症生物标志物(如 IL-6 和 TNF-α)可能与抑郁症状有关。只有一项研究探讨了感染艾滋病病毒的青少年中的这些关系,但没有发现血液或大脑中的炎症生物标志物与抑郁症状有关。目前该领域的研究主要集中在外周炎症生物标志物(与神经影像生物标志物相比)和抑郁症(与其他精神疾病相比)方面。 有确凿证据表明,神经炎症和外周炎症可能会在青少年心理健康问题的发展过程中发挥作用,但针对感染艾滋病病毒的青少年的研究却很少。对感染艾滋病病毒的青少年的炎症与心理健康之间的关系进行描述,可能有助于改善对这一人群心理健康问题的预测、预防、早期干预和治疗。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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