Characteristics of Ice Super Saturated Regions in Washington, D.C. Airspace (2019–2023)

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Aerospace Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI:10.3390/aerospace11070587

Kayla Ebright, Lance Sherry

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Abstract

Contrails are estimated to contribute 2% of the Earth’s anthropogenic global warming. Contrails are ice crystal clouds formed by the emission of soot and water vapor from jet engines in atmospheric conditions known as Ice Super Saturated (ISS) regions. The formation of contrails can be avoided by flying over or under the ISS regions. Aircraft operators/dispatchers and air traffic control need to know the location of ISS regions in a given airspace to flightplan to avoid contrails. This paper describes the statistics for the presence of ISS regions in the airspace over metropolitan Washington, D.C. These statistics can be used to better understand the operational implications for contrail avoidance. Based on the measurements taken from the twice-daily launch of an aerosonde from Sterling, Virginia (adjacent to Washington, D.C.), analysis of five years of data (2019–2023) indicated that this airspace experiences ISS regions 40% of the days. ISS regions were equally likely during daylight hours (26%) than nighttime (27%). The vertical depth of the ISS region averaged 3000 feet but with a median of 2000 feet. The ISS region floor and ceiling varied by season, with an annual average floor of FL330 and ceiling of FL360. The implications of these results on the operations to avoid contrails, limitations, and future work are discussed.

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华盛顿特区空域冰雪超饱和区域的特征（2019-2023 年）

据估计，2% 的地球人为全球变暖是由烟尘造成的。烟尘是喷气发动机在被称为冰超饱和（ISS）区域的大气条件下排放烟尘和水蒸气形成的冰晶云。在冰超饱和（ISS）区域上空或下方飞行可以避免形成烟尘。飞机操作员/调度员和空中交通管制人员需要了解特定空域中 ISS 区域的位置，以便制定飞行计划，避免形成忌迹。本文描述了华盛顿特区大都市上空出现 ISS 区域的统计数据，这些统计数据可用于更好地了解避免烟云的操作影响。根据每天两次从弗吉尼亚州斯特林（毗邻华盛顿特区）发射探空仪的测量结果，对五年（2019-2023 年）数据的分析表明，该空域 40% 的天数都会出现 ISS 区域。白天（26%）和夜间（27%）出现 ISS 区域的可能性相当。ISS 区域的垂直深度平均为 3000 英尺，但中位数为 2000 英尺。国际空间站区域的最低和最高高度因季节而异，年平均最低高度为 FL330，最高高度为 FL360。本文讨论了这些结果对避免逆飞的操作、局限性和未来工作的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Aerospace ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE-

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

23.10%

发文量

661

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： Aerospace is a multidisciplinary science inviting submissions on, but not limited to, the following subject areas: aerodynamics computational fluid dynamics fluid-structure interaction flight mechanics plasmas research instrumentation test facilities environment material science structural analysis thermophysics and heat transfer thermal-structure interaction aeroacoustics optics electromagnetism and radar propulsion power generation and conversion fuels and propellants combustion multidisciplinary design optimization software engineering data analysis signal and image processing artificial intelligence aerospace vehicles'' operation, control and maintenance risk and reliability human factors human-automation interaction airline operations and management air traffic management airport design meteorology space exploration multi-physics interaction.