{"title":"Mineralogical fingerprints of crustal silica contamination in the Bayan Obo carbonatite","authors":"Yulun Xiao, Wubin Yang, Xiaoyong Yang, Yonghua Cao, Pengfei Tian, Zhuang Zhao","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9297","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n Carbonatites are carbonate-rich and silica-undersaturated igneous rocks. The presence of various silicates in carbonatites has sparked discussions about the source of silica. In this study, abundant fluorbritholite-(Ce) and humite group minerals are identified in the No. 1 carbonatite dike at the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit. These silicates are relatively rare and poorly understood in carbonatite systems. Mineral textures, in-situ EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses have been combined to constrain the mineral genesis in the carbonatite. Fluorbritholite-(Ce), member of the apatite super-group, occurs as euhedral to subhedral crystals in the dike. They are characterized by remarkably high concentrations of REE2O3 (56.0-63.7 wt.%), SiO2 (19.6-21.2 wt.%) and F (2.47-3.47 wt.%), along with relatively lower P2O5 (0.25-3.69 wt.%) and CaO (10.3-14.2 wt.%) contents compared to common fluorapatite species. Additionally, their high Y (961-3435 ppm) and low Sr/Y (0.59-2.70) values suggest a hydrothermal origin from a fluid rich in SiO2, REE and F. Humite group minerals, mainly chondrodite and humite, display irregular mineral textures. They also exhibit elevated SiO2 (32.5-34.7 wt.%), and F content (3.59-7.32 wt.%), with notably low TiO2 content (0.02-0.08 wt.%), indicating a hydrothermal origin induced by fenitization in the shallow crust. Our results favor a model of crustal silica contamination for the fenitization fluids, enriched in F, LREE and SiO2. More importantly, the fluid-assisted silica contamination from wall rocks within carbonatites is likely to be a critical trigger of REE deposition in the carbonatite ore-forming systems.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" April","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9297","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Carbonatites are carbonate-rich and silica-undersaturated igneous rocks. The presence of various silicates in carbonatites has sparked discussions about the source of silica. In this study, abundant fluorbritholite-(Ce) and humite group minerals are identified in the No. 1 carbonatite dike at the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit. These silicates are relatively rare and poorly understood in carbonatite systems. Mineral textures, in-situ EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses have been combined to constrain the mineral genesis in the carbonatite. Fluorbritholite-(Ce), member of the apatite super-group, occurs as euhedral to subhedral crystals in the dike. They are characterized by remarkably high concentrations of REE2O3 (56.0-63.7 wt.%), SiO2 (19.6-21.2 wt.%) and F (2.47-3.47 wt.%), along with relatively lower P2O5 (0.25-3.69 wt.%) and CaO (10.3-14.2 wt.%) contents compared to common fluorapatite species. Additionally, their high Y (961-3435 ppm) and low Sr/Y (0.59-2.70) values suggest a hydrothermal origin from a fluid rich in SiO2, REE and F. Humite group minerals, mainly chondrodite and humite, display irregular mineral textures. They also exhibit elevated SiO2 (32.5-34.7 wt.%), and F content (3.59-7.32 wt.%), with notably low TiO2 content (0.02-0.08 wt.%), indicating a hydrothermal origin induced by fenitization in the shallow crust. Our results favor a model of crustal silica contamination for the fenitization fluids, enriched in F, LREE and SiO2. More importantly, the fluid-assisted silica contamination from wall rocks within carbonatites is likely to be a critical trigger of REE deposition in the carbonatite ore-forming systems.
期刊介绍:
ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications.
The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.