Seasonal dynamics of small mammal populations: resource availability and cold exposure interact to govern abundance

IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY
Samuel R. Jolly, J. Gilbert, J. Woodford, Dan Eklund, Jonathan N Pauli
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Abstract

Organisms in seasonal environments respond to both resources in the summer and environmental conditions in winter. Small mammals, in particular, respond quickly to changes in their environment, with many species reliant on the thermal refuge of the subnivium in the winter. However, there has been little research exploring how resources and cold exposure drive the seasonal dynamics of small mammal populations. We studied the populations of 3 subnivium-specialist small mammal species in seasonally snow-covered forests in Wisconsin USA across 5 years during summer and winter. In summer, mast availability and canopy cover governed white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)) populations, coarse woody debris drove short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1823)) populations, and rainfall influenced red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi (Vigors, 1830)) abundance. Dietary analysis via stable isotopes revealed that shrews primarily consumed arthropods, and mice predominately consumed hard mast despite interannual changes in availability. In winter, white-footed mice and red-backed vole abundances were negatively related to cold exposure. Short-tailed shrew winter population was positively related to their abundances the previous summer. These small mammals responded to species-specific drivers during the growing and snow seasons. Consequently, shorter snow seasons from climate change appear to be restructuring communities by creating a less hospitable environment for winter-adapted species, likely contributing to their regional declines.
小型哺乳动物种群的季节动态:资源可用性和寒冷暴露相互作用,制约着种群数量
季节性环境中的生物会对夏季的资源和冬季的环境条件做出反应。尤其是小型哺乳动物,它们会对环境的变化做出快速反应,许多物种在冬季都依赖于亚室内的热庇护所。然而,有关资源和寒冷暴露如何驱动小型哺乳动物种群的季节性动态的研究却很少。我们研究了美国威斯康星州季节性积雪覆盖森林中 3 种亚冬层小型哺乳动物的种群,研究时间跨度为 5 年(夏季和冬季)。在夏季,桅杆的可用性和树冠覆盖率决定了白脚鼠(Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818))的数量,粗木质碎屑推动了短尾鼩(Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1823))的数量,而降雨则影响了红背田鼠(Myodes gapperi (Vigors, 1830))的数量。通过稳定同位素进行的膳食分析表明,鼩鼱主要食用节肢动物,而小鼠则主要食用硬桅杆,尽管桅杆的供应量在年际间会发生变化。在冬季,白脚鼠和红背田鼠的数量与寒冷程度呈负相关。短尾鼩的冬季数量与前一年夏季的数量呈正相关。这些小型哺乳动物在生长季节和雪季对物种特有的驱动因素做出了反应。因此,气候变化导致的雪季缩短似乎正在调整群落结构,为适应冬季的物种创造了不太适宜的环境,很可能导致它们的区域数量下降。
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来源期刊
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Canadian Journal of Zoology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
82
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Published since 1929, the Canadian Journal of Zoology is a monthly journal that reports on primary research contributed by respected international scientists in the broad field of zoology, including behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution. It also invites experts to submit review articles on topics of current interest.
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