Eagle’s syndrome: mimicker of submandibular and temporomandibular joint pathology

Abstract

Eagle’s syndrome is characterized by recurrent pain in the oropharynx and face due to an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament. Various theories existed to explain about development of Eagle’s syndrome. Symptoms are variable and non-specific, thus making it a challenge and dilemma to recognize and diagnose it clinically, and sometimes it can be missed out. A good history taking is important to recognize the disease with proper physical examination. Radiological intervention has been an important tool to diagnose Eagle’s syndrome. A 31 years old lady with presentation of right submandibular pain for one week, radiating to right preauricular region, associated with odynophagia, trismus and reduced oral intake. She was initially misdiagnosed as submandibular sialadenitis and lymphadenitis, and later was referred to dental for temporomandibular joint arthritis. She was treated with antibiotic initially however symptoms were not improved. CT neck done and revealed elongated right styloid process. Excision of right styloid process provided complete pain relief. Even though Eagle’s syndrome is not a common disease, in cases of unexplained complain of pain over head and neck region, it should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis. Eagle’s syndrome can be managed medically by symptomatic treatment/by surgical intervention.