Comprehensive Characterization of the Genetic Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus: Insights into Infection Dynamics, Immunomodulation, Virulence and Genes with Unknown Function

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animals Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI:10.3390/ani14152187

Dhithya Venkateswaran, Anwesha Prakash, Quynh Anh Nguyen, Muhammad Salman, Roypim Suntisukwattana, Waranya Atthaapa, A. Tantituvanont, Hongyao Lin, Tapanut Songkasupa, D. Nilubol

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Abstract

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a lethal contagious hemorrhagic viral disease affecting the swine population. The causative agent is African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). There is no treatment or commercial vaccine available at present. This virus poses a significant threat to the global swine industry and economy, with 100% mortality rate in acute cases. ASFV transmission occurs through both direct and indirect contact, with control measures limited to early detection, isolation, and culling of infected pigs. ASFV exhibits a complex genomic structure and encodes for more than 50 structural and 100 non-structural proteins and has 150 to 167 open reading frames (ORFs). While many of the proteins are non-essential for viral replication, they play crucial roles in mediating with the host to ensure longevity and transmission of virus in the host. The dynamic nature of ASFV research necessitates constant updates, with ongoing exploration of various genes and their functions, vaccine development, and other ASF-related domains. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the structural and functional roles of both newly discovered and previously recorded genes involved in distinct stages of ASFV infection and immunomodulation. Additionally, the review discusses the virulence genes and genes with unknown functions, and proposes future interventions.

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非洲猪瘟病毒基因图谱的全面表征：洞察感染动力学、免疫调节、病毒性和功能未知基因

非洲猪瘟（ASF）是一种影响猪群的致命性传染性出血性病毒病。病原体是非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）。目前还没有治疗方法或商业疫苗。这种病毒对全球养猪业和经济构成重大威胁，急性病例死亡率高达 100%。ASFV 通过直接和间接接触传播，控制措施仅限于早期检测、隔离和扑杀受感染的猪。ASFV 的基因组结构复杂，编码 50 多种结构蛋白和 100 多种非结构蛋白，有 150 到 167 个开放阅读框（ORF）。虽然其中许多蛋白质对于病毒复制来说并不重要，但它们在与宿主沟通以确保病毒在宿主体内的寿命和传播方面发挥着至关重要的作用。ASFV 研究的动态性质要求不断更新，持续探索各种基因及其功能、疫苗开发和其他 ASF 相关领域。本综述旨在阐明新发现和以前记录的参与 ASFV 感染和免疫调节不同阶段的基因的结构和功能作用。此外，综述还讨论了毒力基因和功能未知的基因，并提出了未来的干预措施。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Animals Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

16.70%

发文量

3015

审稿时长

20.52 days

期刊介绍： Animals (ISSN 2076-2615) is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes original research articles, reviews, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves animals, including zoology, ethnozoology, animal science, animal ethics and animal welfare. However, preference will be given to those articles that provide an understanding of animals within a larger context (i.e., the animals'' interactions with the outside world, including humans). There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental details and/or method of study, must be provided for research articles. Articles submitted that involve subjecting animals to unnecessary pain or suffering will not be accepted, and all articles must be submitted with the necessary ethical approval (please refer to the Ethical Guidelines for more information).

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