An Investigation into Sustainable Solutions: Utilizing Hydrated Lime Derived from Oyster Shells as an Eco-Friendly Alternative for Semiconductor Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Due to its acidic nature and high fluoride concentration, hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) is commonly used for neutralization and fluoride control in semiconductor wastewater treatment. This study investigated the efficacy of treating high fluoride-containing wastewater using hydrated lime derived from oyster shells as an alternative to limestone. Overall, the characteristics of removing pollutants in acidic wastewater using shell-based hydrated lime showed similar patterns to hydrated lime from limestone. The treatment efficiency was 50% or less under theoretical Ca/F molar ratio (=0.5) conditions for the formation of fluorite (CaF2), while the fluorine removal rate reached 99% under somewhat higher Ca/F conditions due to the influence of ionic components in the wastewater. Interestingly, chloride content did not increase even in the initial reaction stages, in contrast to our concerns about oyster shells generally containing salt to a certain extent due to their growth in seawater; instead, the chloride concentration decreased over time, similar to nitrate (NO3−). In controlling fluoride in wastewater, surpassing the theoretical Ca/F molar ratio, particularly considering the presence of other anionic species such as SO4²− and PO4³−, the optimal Ca/F ratio for fluoride removal was found to be 1.59. This value is approximately 16% lower than the calculated value (Ca/F = 1.85) when accounting for other anions. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the presence of CaSO4, Ca3(PO4)2, and CaF2 in the precipitate recovered after the reaction, indicating the effective removal of ionic contaminants. This observation suggests that oyster shell-derived hydrated lime could serve as a viable calcium resource for treating acidic wastewater and represents a potential alternative to traditional limestone-based methods.