Relationship between Consumption of Vitamin D Food Sources, Sun Exposure, and Consumption of Vitamin D Supplements with Intrauterine Growth Restriction at Airlangga University Hospital Surabaya

Abstract

Background: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is defined as a condition when fetus experiences poor growth during the pregnancy due to pathological factors, namely placental dysfunction. One of the causes of several risk factors for IUGR such as maternal diseases, namely diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia, is Vitamin D deficiency. Objective: To study the relationship between the consumption of Vitamin D food sources, sun exposure, and consumption of Vitamin D supplement in pregnant woman with Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) at Airlangga University hospital in Surabaya. Method: This analytic study with case control design was conducted on pregnant woman who delivered baby at the delivery room in Airlangga University hospital in 2021 to 2023, using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). 44 women were included in case and control group. The data was later analysed with SPSS application. P-value < 0.05 is considered significant. Results: The result showed in the case group with IUGR, the Vitamin D food sources consumption was higher than the control group without IUGR. Therefore, there is no relationship between Vitamin D food sources consumption with IUGR (P > 0.05). Meanwhile in the control group without IUGR, the sun exposure and Vitamin D supplement consumption were higher than the case group with IUGR. Hence, there is relationship between Sun exposure and Vitamin D supplement consumption with IUGR (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The result showed that the strategies of collecting the Vitamin D dietary is not effective and not recommended to study the relationship of Vitamin D food sources consumption with IUGR. More study or research need to be conducted. Keywords: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), Pregnancy, Vitamin D food sources consumption, Sun Exposure, Vitamin D supplement consumption