PM2.5 and heavy metals in urban and agro-industrial areas: health risk assessment considerations

IF 1.1 Q4 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI:10.1007/s44273-024-00037-w

Shin-young Park, Jeong-In Jeon, Ji-Yun Jung, Sung-Won Yoon, Jaymin Kwon, Cheol-Min Lee

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Abstract

The study investigated PM_2.5 and heavy metal pollutant concentrations in Seoul and Wonju, South Korea, emphasizing the importance of considering PM_2.5 chemical constituents for health impact assessments. While PM_2.5 concentrations were similar between the two cities with slight variations, heavy metal concentrations differed significantly. Regional sources, PM_2.5 composition, and meteorological conditions influenced these variations. Exposure to Fe was highest in all areas, with some heavy metals exceeding permissible levels, stressing the need to consider regional characteristics in assessments. Different heavy metals influence health risks differently in each city. When examining the HI (the summation of the hazard quotient for heavy metals), Seoul remained below an HI value of 1, while Wonju exceeded this threshold when exposed to CTE concentrations. In Seoul, As had a significant health impact of PM_2.5, while in Wonju, Mn was more influential. Source apportionment confirmed different pollution sources in Seoul and Wonju, affecting the distribution of PM_2.5 constituents in the atmosphere. Effective PM_2.5 management requires a comprehensive approach considering chemical constituents and health impacts not just mass-based PM_2.5 management, emphasizing regional-specific assessments and policy considerations to mitigate health risks. Therefore, tailored management strategies based on regional characteristics are necessary.

Graphical Abstract

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城市和农业工业区的 PM2.5 和重金属：健康风险评估考虑因素

该研究调查了韩国首尔和原州的 PM2.5 和重金属污染物浓度，强调了在健康影响评估中考虑 PM2.5 化学成分的重要性。两个城市的 PM2.5 浓度相似，但略有不同，而重金属浓度则差异显著。地区来源、PM2.5 成分和气象条件影响了这些差异。铁的暴露量在所有地区都是最高的，一些重金属超过了允许水平，这强调了在评估中考虑地区特征的必要性。不同的重金属对每个城市的健康风险影响不同。在研究 HI 值（重金属危害商数的总和）时，首尔的 HI 值一直低于 1，而元州在暴露于 CTE 浓度时则超过了这一临界值。在首尔，砷对 PM2.5 的健康影响很大，而在原州，锰的影响更大。污染源分配证实，首尔和原州的污染源不同，影响了大气中 PM2.5 成分的分布。有效的 PM2.5 管理需要考虑化学成分和健康影响的综合方法，而不仅仅是基于质量的 PM2.5 管理，强调特定区域的评估和政策考虑，以减轻健康风险。因此，有必要根据地区特点制定有针对性的管理策略。

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