Effects of wildlife tourism on white shark associative behaviour

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Yuri Niella , Lauren Meyer , Thomas M. Clarke , Joshua D. Dennis , Hugh Pederson , Charlie Huveneers
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

While wildlife tourism may impact the animals it targets, it plays a critical role in public education and conservation awareness. Understanding changes in animal behaviour in response to tourism activities can inform the trade-offs between negative impacts and socioeconomic benefits. There are public claims that cage-diving activities may condition white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, to interact with boats, and may potentially increasing risk of shark bites. We tracked the fine-scale movements of 73 white sharks in relation to cage-diving boats using acoustic telemetry between 2018 and 2022 at Neptune Islands, Australia, to investigate associative behaviour and factors potentially influencing residency and time spent in proximity to the cage-diving boats. White sharks spent gradually less time near cage-diving boats throughout their residency at the tourism site. This behaviour was consistent across individuals, years, sexes and sizes. Sharks, however, resumed their natural behaviours (i.e. initial amount of time near the cage-diving boats) each time they returned to Neptune Islands, suggesting that the observed habituation (i.e. loss of response to the stimulus used to attract sharks) did not last for long periods. These trends support the lack of long-term learnt behaviour of white sharks increasingly interacting with boats. Our results indicate that current management strategies such as regulating the number of days the industry can operate at the site and the amount of food-based attractant used, and reducing the amount of bait consumed can limit associative behaviour between white sharks and boats, while enabling continued opportunities for white shark tourism. Understanding how wildlife associate with humans can help ensure that best practices are in place for both the targeted animals and the people involved, particularly in the case of threatened and potentially dangerous species.

野生动物旅游对白鲨联想行为的影响
虽然野生动物旅游可能会对其目标动物造成影响,但它在公众教育和保护意识方面发挥着至关重要的作用。了解动物行为因旅游活动而发生的变化,可以为权衡负面影响和社会经济效益提供信息。有公众声称,笼中潜水活动可能会使白鲨(Carcharodon carcharias)与船只产生互动,并有可能增加鲨鱼咬人的风险。我们利用声学遥测技术跟踪了 2018 年至 2022 年期间在澳大利亚奈普图恩群岛的 73 只白鲨与笼中潜水船之间的细微移动,以调查关联行为以及可能影响白鲨在笼中潜水船附近停留和停留时间的因素。白鲨在旅游景点的整个居住期间,在笼式潜水船附近逗留的时间逐渐减少。这种行为在不同个体、不同年份、不同性别和不同体型之间都是一致的。然而,鲨鱼每次返回奈普图恩岛时都会恢复其自然行为(即最初在笼跳水船附近停留的时间),这表明观察到的习惯化(即对用于吸引鲨鱼的刺激失去反应)并没有持续很长时间。这些趋势表明,白鲨在与船只越来越多的互动中缺乏长期的学习行为。我们的研究结果表明,目前的管理策略,如规范该行业在该地经营的天数和使用的以食物为基础的吸引物的数量,以及减少消耗的诱饵的数量,可以限制白鲨和船只之间的关联行为,同时使白鲨旅游业的机会得以继续。了解野生动物与人类的关联方式有助于确保为目标动物和相关人员提供最佳实践,尤其是在濒危物种和潜在危险物种的情况下。
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来源期刊
Animal Behaviour
Animal Behaviour 生物-动物学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
8.00%
发文量
236
审稿时长
10.2 weeks
期刊介绍: Growing interest in behavioural biology and the international reputation of Animal Behaviour prompted an expansion to monthly publication in 1989. Animal Behaviour continues to be the journal of choice for biologists, ethologists, psychologists, physiologists, and veterinarians with an interest in the subject.
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