Age-dependent decrease of circulating T follicular helper cells correlates with disease severity in elderly patients with COVID-19

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Clinical immunology Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2024.110329

Yihan Wang , Qiu Wang , Furong He , Nan Qiao , Xuejun Li , Liqun Wei , Lingjin Sun , Weiqian Dai , Ying Li , Xueyang Pang , Jiayi Hu , Chuan Huang , Guangchen Yang , Chongjie Pang , Zhidong Hu , Man Xing , Chunxiao Wan , Dongming Zhou

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Overwhelming evidence has shown that aging is a significant risk factor for COVID-19-related hospitalizations, death and other adverse health outcomes. Particular T cell subsets that susceptible to aging and associated with COVID-19 disease severity requires further elucidation. Our study recruited 57 elderly patients with acute COVID-19 and 27 convalescent donors. Adaptive immunity was assessed across the COVID-19 severity spectrum. Patients underwent age-dependent CD4⁺ T lymphopenia, preferential loss of circulating T follicular regulatory cells (cTfh) subsets including cTfh-em, cTfh-cm, cTfh1, cTfh2, cTfh17 and circulating T follicular regulatory cells (cTfr), which regulated antibody production through different pathways and correlated with COVID-19 severity, were observed. Moreover, vaccination improved cTfh-cm, cTfh2, cTfr proportion and promoted NAb production. In conclusion, the elderly had gone through age-dependent cTfh subsets deficiency, which impeded NAb production and enabled aggravation of COVID-19 to critical illness, whereas SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation helped to rejuvenate cTfh, cTfr and intensify NAb responses.

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循环 T 滤泡辅助细胞的减少与 COVID-19 老年患者的疾病严重程度有关。

大量证据表明，衰老是 COVID-19 相关住院、死亡和其他不良健康后果的重要风险因素。需要进一步阐明易受衰老影响并与 COVID-19 疾病严重程度相关的特定 T 细胞亚群。我们的研究招募了 57 名急性 COVID-19 老年患者和 27 名康复供体。对整个 COVID-19 严重程度范围内的适应性免疫进行了评估。观察到患者出现了年龄依赖性 CD4+ T 淋巴细胞减少，循环 T 滤泡调节细胞（cTfh）亚群优先丢失，包括 cTfh-em、cTfh-cm、cTfh1、cTfh2、cTfh17 和循环 T 滤泡调节细胞（cTfr），它们通过不同途径调节抗体的产生，并与 COVID-19 的严重程度相关。此外，接种疫苗可改善 cTfh-cm、cTfh2 和 cTfr 的比例，促进 NAb 的产生。总之，老年人经历了年龄依赖性 cTfh 亚群缺乏，阻碍了 NAb 的产生，使 COVID-19 恶化为危重病，而接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗则有助于恢复 cTfh、cTfr 的活力，增强 NAb 反应。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical immunology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

12.30

自引率

1.20%

发文量

212

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Immunology publishes original research delving into the molecular and cellular foundations of immunological diseases. Additionally, the journal includes reviews covering timely subjects in basic immunology, along with case reports and letters to the editor.