Delay of gratification and adult outcomes: The Marshmallow Test does not reliably predict adult functioning

IF 3.9 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Jessica F. Sperber, Deborah Lowe Vandell, Greg J. Duncan, Tyler W. Watts
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study extends the analytic approach conducted by Watts et al. (2018) to examine the long-term predictive validity of delay of gratification. Participants (n = 702; 83% White, 46% male) completed the Marshmallow Test at 54 months (1995–1996) and survey measures at age 26 (2017–2018). Using a preregistered analysis, Marshmallow Test performance was not strongly predictive of adult achievement, health, or behavior. Although modest bivariate associations were detected with educational attainment (r = .17) and body mass index (r = −.17), almost all regression-adjusted coefficients were nonsignificant. No clear pattern of moderation was detected between delay of gratification and either socioeconomic status or sex. Results indicate that Marshmallow Test performance does not reliably predict adult outcomes. The predictive and construct validity of the ability to delay of gratification are discussed.

延迟满足与成人结果棉花糖测试不能可靠地预测成人功能。
本研究扩展了Watts等人(2018)的分析方法,以考察延迟满足的长期预测有效性。参与者(n = 702;83% 白人,46% 男性)在 54 个月时(1995-1996 年)完成了棉花糖测试,并在 26 岁时(2017-2018 年)完成了调查测量。通过预先登记分析,棉花糖测试成绩对成年后的成就、健康或行为没有很强的预测作用。虽然与教育程度(r = .17)和体重指数(r = -.17)之间存在适度的二元关联,但几乎所有回归调整系数都不显著。在延迟满足与社会经济地位或性别之间没有发现明显的调节模式。结果表明,棉花糖测试成绩并不能可靠地预测成人结果。本文讨论了延迟满足能力的预测有效性和建构有效性。
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来源期刊
Child development
Child development Multiple-
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
4.30%
发文量
149
期刊介绍: As the flagship journal of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Child Development has published articles, essays, reviews, and tutorials on various topics in the field of child development since 1930. Spanning many disciplines, the journal provides the latest research, not only for researchers and theoreticians, but also for child psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, psychiatric social workers, specialists in early childhood education, educational psychologists, special education teachers, and other researchers. In addition to six issues per year of Child Development, subscribers to the journal also receive a full subscription to Child Development Perspectives and Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development.
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