On the Functional Role of Land Cadastre Elements under Conditions of Arid Soil Formation

Abstract

The functions that determine physicochemical and biological processes that contribute to the development of soil formation and elements of the Land Registry are considered. Modern trends in soil development are characterized by intensification of use and reduction of their functioning areas. The mechanism of formation of objects of anthropogenic soil formation and elements of the Land Cadastre has been studied in the Terek–Kuma Lowland, which is one of the main regions of the Caspian Lowland, which is prone to desertification and aridization. The hierarchical system of objects of the Land Cadastre according to the scale of the functions performed is differentiated at the level of gradations of global, federal, and constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. The analysis of the elements of the Land Cadastre and their role in a multi-sectoral plan was carried out using the ecological–biosphere concept of soil formation, the fundamental basis of which boils down to the differentiation of objects into two groups: the sphere of objects of human economic activities, as a result of which land biomass is created and oxygen is produced using carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and the sphere of industries, housing construction, and transport communications, which consume biogenic energy and organic matter. In addition to the selected groups, the sphere of geological deposits is included. The technogenic cover, consisting of elements simultaneously performing the functions of cadastral registration and processes of anthropogenic soil formation, has been determined starting from detailed survey scales (1 : 100 and 1 : 1000). The cadastral burden at the most highly detailed scales of research creates a minimal burden. At the first stage of cadastral registration, the assessment is carried out covering individual areas and fields of crop rotation and the elements of the minimum size used when performing field work. At the second stage, larger objects are allocated as production units (crop rotation lands, team plots, and pasture rotation fields). The variety of objects of the Land Cadastre and their combination with the technosphere create a special structure of categories of biotic and abiotic natures that are ubiquitous on the earth’s surface. The emergence of a land cadastre and its assessment are determined by the production functions necessary to create favorable conditions for obtaining economic products. Cadastral objects act here as a factor of anthropogenic soil formation. Their influence is manifested in changes in soil properties: the temperature of the surface layers of the earth, the content of humus, the dry residue of easily soluble salts, volumetric weight, and water permeability. The cadastral content of the technogenic soil cover resulting from the influence of the anthropogenic factor is in a state of dynamic development due to two factors: the market economy and the direction of the arid type of soil formation.