{"title":"Waste-to-Value-Added Customized Cationic Banana Starch for Potential Flocculant Application","authors":"Abhijeet Puri, Dwi Marlina Syukri, Eka Silvia, Festy Ladyani, Popat Mohite, Nitin Ade, Shubham Munde, Vijay R Chidrawar, Sudarshan Singh, Sheeba Shafi","doi":"10.1007/s10924-024-03349-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although adding flocculants is an essential step in wastewater treatment and maintaining the stability of the solid-state in solution to produce a loose cell-like structure, in some instances, polymeric material fails to support this due to specific surface charges. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a cationic form (CBS) obtained from unripe waste bananas as native starch and characterize it as a flocculating agent. The starch from unripe waste banana fruit peel was extracted and synthesized to CBS using an etherification reaction via grafting a cationic moiety such as 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC). In addition, the synthesis process was optimized using quality by design (QBD). The utilization of QBD led to the attainment of the maximum degree of substitution (DS) value of 0.623 under optimal circumstances, which involved reacting moieties such as CHPTAC (0.007 moL) and NaOH (30% w/v) with a reaction duration of 18 h at a temperature of 50 °C. Moreover, elemental, structural, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and surface morphology indicated that a significant cationic fraction was integrated within the BS. In addition, the biocompatibility study showed that both native BS and CBS were > 95% biocompatible against CaCO-2 and HeK-293 cells. Furthermore, the flocculation performance of CBS showed that the transmittance of the supernatant fluid augmented in direct correlation to the sedimentation and flocculation time for CBS. Thus, the modified CBS can be utilized as an economical, safe, and potential substitute against available flocculating agents.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","volume":"32 11","pages":"6096 - 6113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Polymers and the Environment","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10924-024-03349-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Although adding flocculants is an essential step in wastewater treatment and maintaining the stability of the solid-state in solution to produce a loose cell-like structure, in some instances, polymeric material fails to support this due to specific surface charges. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a cationic form (CBS) obtained from unripe waste bananas as native starch and characterize it as a flocculating agent. The starch from unripe waste banana fruit peel was extracted and synthesized to CBS using an etherification reaction via grafting a cationic moiety such as 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC). In addition, the synthesis process was optimized using quality by design (QBD). The utilization of QBD led to the attainment of the maximum degree of substitution (DS) value of 0.623 under optimal circumstances, which involved reacting moieties such as CHPTAC (0.007 moL) and NaOH (30% w/v) with a reaction duration of 18 h at a temperature of 50 °C. Moreover, elemental, structural, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and surface morphology indicated that a significant cationic fraction was integrated within the BS. In addition, the biocompatibility study showed that both native BS and CBS were > 95% biocompatible against CaCO-2 and HeK-293 cells. Furthermore, the flocculation performance of CBS showed that the transmittance of the supernatant fluid augmented in direct correlation to the sedimentation and flocculation time for CBS. Thus, the modified CBS can be utilized as an economical, safe, and potential substitute against available flocculating agents.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.
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