Vegetation Dynamics of Central Yamal in the Late Glacial and the Holocene (Based on Paleobotanical Materials from Peat Deposits of the Yuribei River Valley)
E. G. Lapteva, S. S. Trofimova, S. V. Zhilich, O. M. Korona
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
A comprehensive paleoecological study of permafrost peat deposits from three locations in the middle reaches of the Yuribei River in the subzone of modern subarctic shrub tundra of the Yamal Peninsula has been performed. Based on the results of palynological and carpological methods and of radiocarbon dating, the changes in regional and local vegetation and climatic conditions of Central Yamal in the Late Glacial and the Postglacial periods are reconstructed. It is found that shrubby tundra with Betula nana was widespread in this area under climatic conditions close to modern ones in the Younger Dryas about 12.6–11.7 cal ka BP. The penetration of tree species (Betula sect. Betula, Picea obovata, and Larix sibirica) and accompanying boreal herbaceous plants began due to more favorable climatic conditions during the Early Holocene warming about 10.2–9.7 cal ka BP. The most favorable conditions for the growth of birch tree, larch, and spruce existed in Central Yamal in the Early and the Middle Holocene in the range of 10.2–4.4 cal ka BP. At that time, open woodlands or even closed forests were common, and the climate was much warmer than the modern one. Forest vegetation degraded and open landscapes with tundra communities were formed at the end of the Middle Holocene (4.5–4.4 cal ka BP). The climatic conditions became similar to modern ones.
摘要 对亚马尔半岛现代亚北极灌木苔原亚区尤里北河中游三个地点的永久冻土泥炭沉积物进行了全面的古生态学研究。根据古生物学和鲤鱼学方法以及放射性碳年代测定的结果，重建了晚冰期和后冰期亚马尔半岛中部地区和当地植被及气候条件的变化。研究发现，在小干期（约公元前 12.6-11.7 卡 ka）的气候条件与现代气候条件接近的情况下，桦树（Betula nana）灌木苔原在这一地区广泛分布。在全新世早期（约公元前 10.2-9.7 卡 ka 年）气候变暖期间，由于气候条件更为有利，乔木物种（桦树科桦树属、扁柏属和西伯利亚腊木属）以及伴生的北方草本植物开始渗透进来。在全新世早期和中期，即公元前 10.2-4.4 卡 ka 之间，亚马尔中部地区的桦树、落叶松和云杉的生长条件最为有利。当时，开阔的林地甚至是封闭的森林很常见，气候也比现代气候温暖得多。中全新世末期（4.5-4.4 cal ka BP），森林植被退化，形成了具有苔原群落的开阔地。气候条件变得与现代相似。
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