Preparation of macroporous lithium iron manganese phosphate/carbon composites via sol-gel process accompanied by phase separation

IF 2.5 4区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Porous Materials Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.1007/s10934-024-01666-w

Zhizhen Zhang, Xin Ouyang, Junzhang Wang, Xingzhong Guo

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Abstract

Macroporous lithium manganese iron phosphate/carbon (LiFe_0.9Mn_0.1PO₄/C) has been successfully synthesized via a sol-gel process accompanied by phase separation. Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) acts as a phase separation inducer, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) synergistically regulates the morphology of the gel skeleton and serves as a reducing agent. Propylene oxide (PO) works as a proton scavenger to initiate the homogeneous gelation and modify the macrostructure. An appropriate amount of PEO, PVP and PO led to the formation of xerogel monoliths characterized by a three-dimensional co-continuous skeleton and interconnected macropores. The amorphous xerogel upon heat treatment at 400 °C for 2 h under a N₂ atmosphere, formed carbon-coated LiFe_0.9Mn_0.1PO₄/C crystals with excellent crystallinity and uniform elemental distribution. The resultant macroporous LFMP/C has a discharge capacity of 113.43 mA h g^− 1 at 0.1 C, with a first coulombic efficiency of 90.1% and excellent capacity recovery rate after high-rate tests.

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通过溶胶-凝胶工艺制备伴有相分离的大孔磷酸铁锰锂/碳复合材料

通过伴随相分离的溶胶-凝胶工艺，成功合成了大孔磷酸锰铁锂/碳（LiFe0.9Mn0.1PO4/C）。聚环氧乙烷（PEO）作为相分离诱导剂，而聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）则协同调节凝胶骨架的形态并作为还原剂。环氧丙烷（PO）作为质子清除剂，可启动均匀凝胶化并改变宏观结构。适量的 PEO、PVP 和 PO 可形成以三维共连续骨架和相互连接的大孔为特征的气凝胶单体。无定形的 xerogel 在氮气环境下于 400 °C 热处理 2 小时后，形成了碳包覆的 LiFe0.9Mn0.1PO4/C 晶体，具有极佳的结晶性和均匀的元素分布。由此产生的大孔 LFMP/C 在 0.1 C 下的放电容量为 113.43 mA h g- 1，首次库仑效率为 90.1%，并且在高速率测试后具有极佳的容量恢复率。

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来源期刊

Journal of Porous Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

7.70%

发文量

203

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Porous Materials is an interdisciplinary and international periodical devoted to all types of porous materials. Its aim is the rapid publication of high quality, peer-reviewed papers focused on the synthesis, processing, characterization and property evaluation of all porous materials. The objective is to establish a unique journal that will serve as a principal means of communication for the growing interdisciplinary field of porous materials. Porous materials include microporous materials with 50 nm pores. Examples of microporous materials are natural and synthetic molecular sieves, cationic and anionic clays, pillared clays, tobermorites, pillared Zr and Ti phosphates, spherosilicates, carbons, porous polymers, xerogels, etc. Mesoporous materials include synthetic molecular sieves, xerogels, aerogels, glasses, glass ceramics, porous polymers, etc.; while macroporous materials include ceramics, glass ceramics, porous polymers, aerogels, cement, etc. The porous materials can be crystalline, semicrystalline or noncrystalline, or combinations thereof. They can also be either organic, inorganic, or their composites. The overall objective of the journal is the establishment of one main forum covering the basic and applied aspects of all porous materials.