{"title":"Pakistan Floods in 2010 and 2022: The Impact of Extratropical Factors on Monsoon Systems","authors":"Abhinav Dengri, Tomohito J. Yamada","doi":"10.2151/sola.2024-037","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Pakistan experienced two major flood events in July 2010 and July–August 2022, resulting in over 1,500 fatalities. The 2010 floods primarily affected Northern Pakistan, while the 2022 floods severely impacted Southern Pakistan. This study examines rainfall patterns, moisture transport, and their connection to European heatwaves and blocking highs. In 2022, unprecedented rainfall in Southern Pakistan contrasted with the northern-focused rainfall in 2010. An intense cycle of low-pressure systems in 2022 transported moist air from the Indian Ocean, facilitated by southeasterly and southerly winds, and triggered deep convection, while in July 2010, southerly winds were dominant. Rossby wave breaking events in late July 2010 and late August 2022 caused the southward movement of upper-level vorticity perturbations, leading to heavy rainfall. Additionally, the heavy rainfall in Southern Pakistan in late August 2022 was influenced by concurrent intense low-pressure systems.</p>\n<p></p>","PeriodicalId":49501,"journal":{"name":"Sola","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sola","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2024-037","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Pakistan experienced two major flood events in July 2010 and July–August 2022, resulting in over 1,500 fatalities. The 2010 floods primarily affected Northern Pakistan, while the 2022 floods severely impacted Southern Pakistan. This study examines rainfall patterns, moisture transport, and their connection to European heatwaves and blocking highs. In 2022, unprecedented rainfall in Southern Pakistan contrasted with the northern-focused rainfall in 2010. An intense cycle of low-pressure systems in 2022 transported moist air from the Indian Ocean, facilitated by southeasterly and southerly winds, and triggered deep convection, while in July 2010, southerly winds were dominant. Rossby wave breaking events in late July 2010 and late August 2022 caused the southward movement of upper-level vorticity perturbations, leading to heavy rainfall. Additionally, the heavy rainfall in Southern Pakistan in late August 2022 was influenced by concurrent intense low-pressure systems.
期刊介绍：
SOLA (Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere) is a peer-reviewed, Open Access, online-only journal. It publishes scientific discoveries and advances in understanding in meteorology, climatology, the atmospheric sciences and related interdisciplinary areas. SOLA focuses on presenting new and scientifically rigorous observations, experiments, data analyses, numerical modeling, data assimilation, and technical developments as quickly as possible. It achieves this via rapid peer review and publication of research letters, published as Regular Articles.
Published and supported by the Meteorological Society of Japan, the journal follows strong research and publication ethics principles. Most manuscripts receive a first decision within one month and a decision upon resubmission within a further month. Accepted articles are then quickly published on the journal’s website, where they are easily accessible to our broad audience.
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