Readmission and Dropout in Outpatient Centers: An Analysis of Real-World Data in Patients with Dual-Diagnosis

Abstract

Substance use disorder treatment faces challenges such as dropout, relapse, and readmission. This study aims to identify factors associated with readmission and those influencing dropout among dual diagnosis (DD) patients (those with both a substance use disorder and another psychiatric disorder) attending outpatient addiction centers. Retrospective cohort study using the electronic health records of 8383 outpatients diagnosed with DD. Bivariate analysis and regression analysis were applied to control for the variables. Age, incarceration for 30 days prior to admission, and specific patterns of consumption increased the likelihood of readmission. Specifically, individuals who reported no substance use in the 30 days before admission or those diagnosed with an opioid or cocaine use disorder were particularly susceptible to readmission. Of the dual diagnoses, patients with personality disorders were more likely to be readmitted. In relation to dropout, opioid dependence and frequency of use were associated with a higher probability of dropout. Patients with poorer adherence to treatment and previous readmissions were also more likely to drop out. Enhancing treatment adherence and reducing dropout and readmission rates poses a challenge in managing patients with DD. Leveraging electronic health records offers enhanced ecological validity concerning the outpatient treatment requirements for such patients. Therapeutic adherence, alongside specific sociodemographic variables and consumption patterns, emerges as pivotal factors in this context. Identifying and understanding these variables facilitates the customization of outpatient treatment strategies to better meet the needs of patients with comorbidities.