Examining Compatible Electron Transport Layers for CsSnBr3-Based Solar Cell to Boost Photovoltaic Stability and Efficiency

Abstract

Over the past decade, there has been significant improvement in the efficiency of hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). When discussing hybrid organic-inorganic PSCs, it is important to consider stability and toxicity as crucial factors. Additional research is necessary to thoroughly investigate their potential for enhancing market accessibility. Research explores a comprehensive analysis of the photovoltaic performance of CsSnBr₃-based PSCs configurations. Solar cell capacitance simulator-1D is utilized to study a variety of electron transport layers (ETLs) such as CeO₂, TiO₂, SnO₂, WO₃, MZO, ZnO, IGZO, PCBM, WS₂, and C₆₀. Examining the impact of different parameters on the performance of CsSnBr₃-based PSCs by precisely modifying spiro-OMeTAD as a hole transport layer (HTL) is primarily concentrated on. Utilizing a well-organized arrangement, FTO/ETLs/CsSnBr₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au, out of the mentioned ETLs, it has been observed that only four oxides based ETLs (CeO₂, SnO₂, WO₃, and ZnO) are highly compatible and suitable for CsSnBr₃-based PSC. The photovoltaic performance of various ETLs is examined. The power conversion efficiencies of CeO₂, SnO₂, WO₃, and ZnO ETLs are 18.42%, 22.06%, 21.35%, and 21.87% achieved by optimizing various parameters such as thickness, defect density, doping concentration, and electron affinity of all the layers. The validation and simulation findings indicate that CsSnBr₃ has significant potential when combined with suitable ETLs and spiro-OMeTAD as an HTL.