Elevational shifts in tree community composition in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest related to climate change

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Vegetation Science Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.1111/jvs.13289

Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Vinicius Augusto Galvão Bastazini, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Kauane Maiara Bordin, Joice Klipel, Vanderlei Júlio Debastiani, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Rafael Loyola, Sandra Cristina Müller

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Abstract

Question

Climate change induces shifts in species distributions, ultimately changing community composition. Mountains are especially sensitive to climate change, and tree species are predicted to move towards higher elevations, but observed changes are not always unidirectional. The diversity and complexity of tropical and subtropical systems limits our understanding of climate-induced responses of subtropical mountain forests. Here, we investigated migration trends in tree community composition along an elevational gradient, and between the transition from lowland to montane forests in subtropical forests.

Location

Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Methods

We used thermal affiliations of 627 tree species to calculate community temperature scores (CTS) for different life-history stages of trees in 96 permanent plots. We compared CTS of different life-history stages across space and time.

Results

Most tree communities (58%) did not show a significant difference of CTS between life-history stages, indicating a non-migration trend. On the other hand, 27% of tree communities showed upward migration and 15% downward migration. Upward migration was more common in montane forests, and downward migration in lowland forests. Our temporal analysis shows significant changes in CTS values for juvenile communities with 0.36°C decrease in lowland forests and 0.34°C increase in montane forests.

Conclusions

Contrasting results between lowland and montane forest communities indicate that the transition zone influences migration patterns and may reflect differences in species’ thermal limitations, as well as by non-thermal factors such as biotic interactions. Our findings provide the first evidence of climate change-induced community shifts in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We demonstrated that upward migration trends were predominantly observed in montane–upper mountain forests, while downward migrations were noted in lowland–submontane forests. The thermophilization of montane forests may suggest an increased risk of reduction for cold-demanding species under climate change scenarios.

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与气候变化有关的巴西大西洋森林树木群落组成的高程变化

问题气候变化会引起物种分布的变化，最终改变群落组成。山区对气候变化尤为敏感，预计树种会向高海拔地区迁移，但观测到的变化并不总是单向的。热带和亚热带系统的多样性和复杂性限制了我们对亚热带山地森林由气候引起的反应的了解。在这里，我们研究了树木群落组成沿着海拔梯度的迁移趋势，以及亚热带森林从低地森林向山地森林过渡的趋势。方法我们利用 627 种树木的热隶属关系，计算了 96 个永久性地块中不同生命史阶段树木的群落温度得分（CTS）。结果大多数树木群落（58%）在不同生命史阶段的群落温度得分（CTS）之间没有显著差异，表明没有迁移趋势。另一方面，27%的树木群落表现出向上迁移，15%向下迁移。在山地森林中，向上迁移更为常见，而在低地森林中，向下迁移则更为常见。我们的时间分析表明，幼树群落的 CTS 值发生了显著变化，低地森林的 CTS 值下降了 0.36°C，而山地森林的 CTS 值上升了 0.34°C。结论低地森林群落和山地森林群落之间的对比结果表明，过渡带影响了迁移模式，可能反映了物种热限制的差异，以及生物相互作用等非热因素的影响。我们的研究结果首次证明了气候变化引起的巴西大西洋森林群落迁移。我们证明，在高山-高山森林中主要观察到向上迁移的趋势，而在低地-次高山森林中则观察到向下迁移的趋势。高山森林的嗜热化可能表明，在气候变化情况下，冷需求物种减少的风险增加。

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来源期刊

Journal of Vegetation Science 环境科学-林学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

3.60%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Vegetation Science publishes papers on all aspects of plant community ecology, with particular emphasis on papers that develop new concepts or methods, test theory, identify general patterns, or that are otherwise likely to interest a broad international readership. Papers may focus on any aspect of vegetation science, e.g. community structure (including community assembly and plant functional types), biodiversity (including species richness and composition), spatial patterns (including plant geography and landscape ecology), temporal changes (including demography, community dynamics and palaeoecology) and processes (including ecophysiology), provided the focus is on increasing our understanding of plant communities. The Journal publishes papers on the ecology of a single species only if it plays a key role in structuring plant communities. Papers that apply ecological concepts, theories and methods to the vegetation management, conservation and restoration, and papers on vegetation survey should be directed to our associate journal, Applied Vegetation Science journal.