Directions for Increasing Thermal Efficiency of an NPP with PWR

IF 0.9 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS
Yu. G. Sukhorukov, Yu. V. Smolkin, G. I. Kazarov, E. N. Kulakov, E. P. Kondurov, A. V. Popov
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Abstract

The construction and operation of nuclear power plants are characterized by significant capital costs associated with ensuring compliance with stringent nuclear safety requirements. To ensure a low estimated cost of electricity generated at nuclear power plants, it is especially important to increase their efficiency, which depends on the thermal efficiency of the turbine unit. Based on the criterion of economic efficiency, directions for increasing the thermal efficiency of nuclear power plants with pressurized water reactors (PWR) have been studied: increasing the fresh steam pressure, reducing the steam pressure in the condenser, optimizing the structure and parameters of the second circuit, and improving the efficiency of the turbine flow parts. Significant economic losses are caused by the use of a circulating technical water-supply system provided for at all designed nuclear power plants (according to Article 60 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation). It is noted that the ban on the use of direct-flow water supply systems contradicts the world experience of creating nuclear power plants. The difference in the efficiency of cooling systems of two types is clearly shown by the example of the design indicators of the Leningrad NPP-2 (LNPP-2) and the Tianwan NPP (power unit nos. 7, 8), which use identical reactor systems (RS) but different turbine units and technical water supply systems, which determines the difference in electrical power (up to 66 MW). Using data from the PRIS (power reactor information system) information system on power reactors around the world and the results of calculations by turbine construction companies, the level of thermal efficiency of low-speed turbines abroad, achieved through comprehensive optimization of technical solutions, was assessed. The reserves for increasing the economic efficiency of domestic nuclear power plants with PWR have been identified. It was noted that foreign companies do not stop working to improve the performance of the flow part of low-speed turbine units: models have been created with a last-stage blade length of 1905 mm. According to estimates, the total economic effect from increasing the efficiency of nuclear power plants when implementing all of the above measures, expressed through allowable additional investments, is 14 billion rubles, which is comparable to the cost of supplying all the key equipment of the power unit’s turbine room.

提高压水堆核电站热效率的方向
摘要 核电厂建设和运行的特点是与确保符合严格的核安全要求相关的资本成本巨大。为确保核电站发电的估计成本较低,提高效率尤为重要,而这取决于涡轮机组的热效率。根据经济效益标准,对提高压水堆核电站热效率的方向进行了研究:提高新鲜蒸汽压力、降低冷凝器中的蒸汽压力、优化二回路的结构和参数以及提高涡轮机流动部件的效率。在所有设计的核电站中,使用循环技术供水系统会造成巨大的经济损失(根据《俄罗斯联邦水法》第 60 条)。需要指出的是,禁止使用直流供水系统与世界上建造核电站的经验相悖。列宁格勒核电厂-2(LNPP-2)和田湾核电厂(7 号、8 号机组)的设计指标清楚地表明了两种冷却系统效率的差异,它们使用相同的反应堆系统(RS),但涡轮机组和技术供水系统不同,这决定了电功率的差异(最高达 66 兆瓦)。利用 PRIS(动力反应堆信息系统)信息系统中有关全球动力反应堆的数据和汽轮机制造公司的计算结果,对国外低速汽轮机通过全面优化技术方案实现的热效率水平进行了评估。确定了提高国内压水堆核电站经济效益的储备。据悉,国外公司一直在努力提高低速涡轮机组流动部分的性能:已制造出末级叶片长度为 1905 毫米的型号。据估计,在实施上述所有措施的情况下,通过允许的额外投资来提高核电站效率所产生的总经济效益为 140 亿卢布,相当于提供机组涡轮机房所有关键设备的费用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
94
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