{"title":"Variation of ambient air pollutants and their impacts on Kanpur city, India, during 2016–2020","authors":"Varun Yadav, Rajiv Ganguly","doi":"10.1007/s12040-024-02350-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study evaluates the annual and seasonal trends of PM<sub>10</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub> for eight monitoring stations namely Kidwai Nagar (S1), Jareeb Chowki (S2), Panki Site 1 (S3), Shastri Nagar (S4), Awas Vikas Kalyanpur (S5), Dada Nagar (S6), IIT Campus (S7) and Rama Devi (S8) in Kanpur city, India for the period 2016–2020. It was observed that the annual average concentrations of RSPM, NO<sub>2</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub> varied from 100.40 to 307.50, 9.69–60.74, and 2.00–12.04 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively, for the study period, indicating that the pollutants exceeded the prescribed standards except SO<sub>2</sub> at all the study locations. Seasonal analysis shows that the minimum and maximum concentrations of RSPM existed for monsoon and winter, varying between 56.14 and 372.64 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Seasonal analysis for gaseous pollutants (SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>) showed minimal variations with concentration ranges between 2.00–10.97 and 12.56–57.66 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. This could be attributed to constant emission sources and year-round industrial operations prevalent within the city. Exceedance factors based on RSPM and NO<sub>2</sub> indicated that PM<sub>10</sub> was the most critical pollutant for Kanpur city. Results obtained from the HYSPLIT model depicted poor measures of air quality in the city, with winds blowing from a northerly direction, leading to increased concentration of pollution that exceeded the NAAQS standards. A critical discussion of the results obtained has been presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":15609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Earth System Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Earth System Science","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-024-02350-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The present study evaluates the annual and seasonal trends of PM10, NO2, and SO2 for eight monitoring stations namely Kidwai Nagar (S1), Jareeb Chowki (S2), Panki Site 1 (S3), Shastri Nagar (S4), Awas Vikas Kalyanpur (S5), Dada Nagar (S6), IIT Campus (S7) and Rama Devi (S8) in Kanpur city, India for the period 2016–2020. It was observed that the annual average concentrations of RSPM, NO2, and SO2 varied from 100.40 to 307.50, 9.69–60.74, and 2.00–12.04 µg/m3, respectively, for the study period, indicating that the pollutants exceeded the prescribed standards except SO2 at all the study locations. Seasonal analysis shows that the minimum and maximum concentrations of RSPM existed for monsoon and winter, varying between 56.14 and 372.64 µg/m3, respectively. Seasonal analysis for gaseous pollutants (SO2 and NO2) showed minimal variations with concentration ranges between 2.00–10.97 and 12.56–57.66 µg/m3, respectively. This could be attributed to constant emission sources and year-round industrial operations prevalent within the city. Exceedance factors based on RSPM and NO2 indicated that PM10 was the most critical pollutant for Kanpur city. Results obtained from the HYSPLIT model depicted poor measures of air quality in the city, with winds blowing from a northerly direction, leading to increased concentration of pollution that exceeded the NAAQS standards. A critical discussion of the results obtained has been presented.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Earth System Science, an International Journal, was earlier a part of the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences – Section A begun in 1934, and later split in 1978 into theme journals. This journal was published as Proceedings – Earth and Planetary Sciences since 1978, and in 2005 was renamed ‘Journal of Earth System Science’.
The journal is highly inter-disciplinary and publishes scholarly research – new data, ideas, and conceptual advances – in Earth System Science. The focus is on the evolution of the Earth as a system: manuscripts describing changes of anthropogenic origin in a limited region are not considered unless they go beyond describing the changes to include an analysis of earth-system processes. The journal''s scope includes the solid earth (geosphere), the atmosphere, the hydrosphere (including cryosphere), and the biosphere; it also addresses related aspects of planetary and space sciences. Contributions pertaining to the Indian sub- continent and the surrounding Indian-Ocean region are particularly welcome. Given that a large number of manuscripts report either observations or model results for a limited domain, manuscripts intended for publication in JESS are expected to fulfill at least one of the following three criteria.
The data should be of relevance and should be of statistically significant size and from a region from where such data are sparse. If the data are from a well-sampled region, the data size should be considerable and advance our knowledge of the region.
A model study is carried out to explain observations reported either in the same manuscript or in the literature.
The analysis, whether of data or with models, is novel and the inferences advance the current knowledge.
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