Early detection of Tonga volcanic-eruption from internal gravity wave effects on ionosphere, using satellite geodetic techniques

IF 1.8 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The occurrence of some natural hazards in the troposphere may lead to creation of Internal Gravity Waves (IGWs). These waves transfer energy from the lower troposphere to upper layers, and to the ionosphere. When these IGWs reach the ionosphere, they create significant variations in the ionospheric parameters. Therefore, they have considerable effects on performance of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers. In this study, we used double-frequency measurements of GNSS ground-based stations from GEONET network in New Zealand to detect the IGWs created by the tsunami induced from the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption. In addition to GNSS measurements, FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2) data, and SWARM data were also used to study these IGWs. It is known that many of the IGWs have horizontal phase speeds faster than that of the tsunami. As the volcanic-originated IGWs spread in cone-shape pattern, it is possible to detect these fast IGWs in the ionosphere earlier than the tsunami waves, reaching the tide gauges or DART buoys. In our study, we could detect the first IGWs at the New Zealand GNSS stations, 2 h earlier than the first registration of the tsunami waves at tide gauges and DART buoys near the New Zealand peninsula, which is located approximately 1.600 km from the Tonga Volcano. It can be concluded that IGWs can be used to warn tsunamis faster than the current early-warning systems, which make use of tide gauges and DART buoys. Furthermore, the spatial variations in ionospheric electron density (IED) were investigated using F7/C2 RO data. The results show that the volcanic-originated IGWs cause reduction in the IED peak value and altitude. The results of IED derived from F7/C2 and SWARM were in good agreement.

利用卫星大地测量技术,从内部重力波对电离层的影响早期探测汤加火山爆发
对流层中发生的一些自然灾害可能会导致内部重力波(IGWs)的产生。这些波将能量从对流层下层传到上层,再传到电离层。当这些内部重力波到达电离层时,会造成电离层参数的显著变化。因此,它们对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收器的性能有相当大的影响。在本研究中,我们利用新西兰 GEONET 网络的全球导航卫星系统地面站的双频测量来探测 2022 年汤加火山爆发引发的海啸所产生的 IGW。除全球导航卫星系统测量数据外,FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2(F7/C2)数据和 SWARM 数据也用于研究这些 IGW。众所周知,许多 IGW 的水平相位速度比海啸快。由于由火山引发的 IGW 呈锥形扩散,因此有可能比海啸波更早地探测到电离层中的这些快速 IGW,使其到达验潮仪或 DART 浮标。在我们的研究中,我们可以在新西兰全球导航卫星系统台站探测到第一个 IGW,比新西兰半岛附近的验潮仪和 DART 浮标首次记录海啸波早 2 小时,新西兰半岛距离汤加火山约 1.600 千米。由此可以得出结论,与目前利用验潮仪和 DART 浮标的预警系统相比,IGW 可以更快地预警海啸。此外,利用 F7/C2 RO 数据研究了电离层电子密度(IED)的空间变化。结果表明,源自火山的 IGW 导致 IED 峰值和高度降低。从 F7/C2 和 SWARM 得出的电离层电子密度结果非常一致。
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来源期刊
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.30%
发文量
95
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (JASTP) is an international journal concerned with the inter-disciplinary science of the Earth''s atmospheric and space environment, especially the highly varied and highly variable physical phenomena that occur in this natural laboratory and the processes that couple them. The journal covers the physical processes operating in the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, the Sun, interplanetary medium, and heliosphere. Phenomena occurring in other "spheres", solar influences on climate, and supporting laboratory measurements are also considered. The journal deals especially with the coupling between the different regions. Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other energetic events on the Sun create interesting and important perturbations in the near-Earth space environment. The physics of such "space weather" is central to the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics and the journal welcomes papers that lead in the direction of a predictive understanding of the coupled system. Regarding the upper atmosphere, the subjects of aeronomy, geomagnetism and geoelectricity, auroral phenomena, radio wave propagation, and plasma instabilities, are examples within the broad field of solar-terrestrial physics which emphasise the energy exchange between the solar wind, the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas, and the neutral gas. In the lower atmosphere, topics covered range from mesoscale to global scale dynamics, to atmospheric electricity, lightning and its effects, and to anthropogenic changes.
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