Role of sulfidogenic members of the gut microbiota in human disease.

Advances in microbial physiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-28 DOI:10.1016/bs.ampbs.2024.04.003
Andreia I Pimenta, Raquel M Bernardino, Inês A C Pereira
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Abstract

The human gut flora comprises a dynamic network of bacterial species that coexist in a finely tuned equilibrium. The interaction with intestinal bacteria profoundly influences the host's development, metabolism, immunity, and overall health. Furthermore, dysbiosis, a disruption of the gut microbiota, can induce a variety of diseases, not exclusively associated with the intestinal tract. The increased consumption of animal protein, high-fat and high-sugar diets in Western countries has been implicated in the rise of chronic and inflammatory illnesses associated with dysbiosis. In particular, this diet leads to the overgrowth of sulfide-producing bacteria, known as sulfidogenic bacteria, which has been linked to inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer, among other disorders. Sulfidogenic bacteria include sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio spp.) and Bilophila wadsworthia among others, which convert organic and inorganic sulfur compounds to sulfide through the dissimilatory sulfite reduction pathway. At high concentrations, sulfide is cytotoxic and disrupts the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and mucus barrier, triggering inflammation. Besides producing sulfide, B. wadsworthia has revealed significant pathogenic potential, demonstrated in the ability to cause infection, adhere to intestinal cells, promote inflammation, and compromise the integrity of the colonic mucus layer. This review delves into the mechanisms by which taurine and sulfide-driven gut dysbiosis contribute to the pathogenesis of sulfidogenic bacteria, and discusses the role of these gut microbes, particularly B. wadsworthia, in human diseases.

肠道微生物群中的硫化物生成成员在人类疾病中的作用。
人体肠道菌群是一个由多种细菌组成的动态网络,它们在微调的平衡状态下共存。与肠道细菌的相互作用深刻影响着宿主的发育、新陈代谢、免疫力和整体健康。此外,肠道微生物菌群失调会诱发多种疾病,而不仅仅与肠道有关。西方国家越来越多地食用动物蛋白、高脂肪和高糖饮食,这与与菌群失调有关的慢性和炎症性疾病的增加有关联。尤其是,这种饮食习惯导致硫化物生成菌(即硫化菌)过度生长,而硫化菌与炎症性肠病和结肠直肠癌等疾病有关。硫化物生成菌包括硫酸盐还原菌(Desulfovibrio spp.)和 Bilophila wadsworthia 等,它们通过亚硫酸盐还原途径将有机和无机硫化合物转化为硫化物。高浓度的硫化物具有细胞毒性,会破坏肠道上皮细胞和粘液屏障的完整性,引发炎症。除了产生硫化物,华支睾吸虫还具有显著的致病潜能,表现在能够引起感染、粘附肠道细胞、促进炎症和破坏结肠粘液层的完整性。这篇综述深入探讨了牛磺酸和硫化物驱动的肠道菌群失调导致硫化物细菌致病的机制,并讨论了这些肠道微生物,特别是华氏蝙蝠在人类疾病中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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