Being as Having, Loving, and Doing: A Theory of Human Well-Being.

IF 7.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI:10.1177/10888683241263634
Frank Martela
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Academic abstract: Stronger theory on the nature of human well-being is needed, especially as well-being indicators are increasingly utilized in policy contexts. Building on Erik Allardt, who argued that a theory of well-being is, in essence, a theory of human nature, I propose four modes of existence each capturing one dimension central to human well-being: Having recognizes humans as biological creatures requiring certain material resources for survival. Loving captures human social nature and our dependence on others for well-being. Doing highlights the active and agentic nature of human existence. Being acknowledges humans as experiencing their existence. Each mode of existence gives rise to a few more specific needs, and a full assessment of human well-being requires both subjective and objective indicators tapping into these needs. The proposed theory integrates psychological well-being research with sociological and philosophical traditions and contributes to debates about how the progress of nations and sustainability should be measured.

Public abstract: Well-being is something we all value individually, and it is also a key political goal. Accordingly, how we define and measure well-being influences what physicians, managers, policy-makers, politicians, and international organizations aim to improve through their work. Better theories of well-being make better measurement of well-being possible, which makes possible more effective and evidence-based advancement of human well-being. In this spirit, the present article argues that there are four fundamental dimensions to human well-being: Having highlights that as biological creatures, we have physical needs, loving highlights human social needs, doing highlights that we are active and agentic beings with goals and strivings, and being highlights that we feel and evaluate our lives. To assess well-being, we need measures tapping into all four of these dimensions. And to assess the sustainability of well-being, we need to examine how to provide well-being for all humanity while remaining within planetary boundaries.

存在即拥有、爱和行动:人类福祉理论》。
学术摘要:我们需要关于人类福祉本质的更强有力的理论,尤其是在福祉指标越来越多地被用于政策制定的情况下。埃里克-阿勒特(Erik Allardt)认为,福祉理论本质上就是人类本性理论,在此基础上,我提出了四种生存模式,每种模式都抓住了人类福祉的一个核心维度:拥有 "承认人类是生物,需要一定的物质资源才能生存。爱 "体现了人类的社会性以及我们对他人的依赖。作为 "强调了人类生存的主动性和能动性。存在 "承认人类在体验自己的存在。每一种存在方式都会产生一些更具体的需求,而对人类福祉的全面评估则需要同时考虑到这些需求的主观和客观指标。所提出的理论将幸福心理学研究与社会学和哲学传统相结合,并对如何衡量国家进步和可持续发展的辩论做出了贡献。公众摘要:幸福是我们每个人都重视的东西,也是一个关键的政治目标。因此,我们如何定义和衡量福祉影响着医生、管理者、政策制定者、政治家和国际组织通过其工作所要改善的目标。有了更好的福祉理论,才有可能对福祉进行更好的衡量,从而更有效、更有依据地促进人类福祉。本着这一精神,本文认为人类福祉有四个基本方面:有 "强调了作为生物,我们有生理需求;"爱 "强调了人类的社会需求;"行 "强调了我们是积极主动的人,有自己的目标和追求;"在 "强调了我们对生活的感受和评价。为了评估幸福感,我们需要对所有这四个方面进行衡量。为了评估福祉的可持续性,我们需要研究如何在不超出地球极限的情况下为全人类提供福祉。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
19.00
自引率
1.90%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: Title: Personality and Social Psychology Review (PSPR) Journal Overview: Official journal of SPSP, the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc. Premiere outlet for original theoretical papers and conceptual review articles in all areas of personality and social psychology Features stimulating conceptual pieces identifying new research directions and comprehensive review papers providing integrative frameworks for existing theory and research programs Topics Covered: Attitudes and Social Cognition: Examines the inner workings of the human mind in understanding, evaluating, and responding to the social environment Interpersonal and Group Processes: Explores patterns of interaction and interdependence characterizing everyday human functioning Intergroup Relations: Investigates determinants of prejudice, conflict, cooperation, and harmonious relationships between social groups Personality and Individual Differences: Focuses on causes, assessment, structures, and processes giving rise to human variation Biological and Cultural Influences: Studies the biological and cultural mediation of social psychological and personality processes
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