Prehospital transfusion of labile blood product using intraosseous perfusion with multi-lumen extender: Why not?

Abstract

Background: French prehospital military medical teams are provided with labile blood products to effectively address hemorrhagic shock. In combat environment, standard good medical practice may limit efficacy of therapeutic goals regarding damage control resuscitation.

Study design and methods: We present here a case report describing the management of a soldier heavily wounded during a helicopter forward medical evacuation in Sahel region.

Results: We report the challenge encountered by medical team using only a humeral intraosseous route available due to severity of lesions and challenging environment. In this configuration, multi-lumen extender enabled transfusion of two units of packed red blood cells and two units of plasma, and analgesia while limiting manipulation and dislodgment of the fragile intraosseous route. This situation, outside of usual good medical practice, raises issues of hemolysis, physicochemical compability of drugs and blood products, and consequences on flow rate reduction.

Discussion: With this case, we emphasize the benefit of multi-lumen extender associated with intraosseous route for early management of heavy casualties in harsh prehospital environment. Literature suggests that hemolysis and physicochemical compability should remain limited. The main issue of this setting consists of flow reduction and can be addressed by prioritizing humeral route, and using counter pressure cuffs, until a second peripheral or central line is available and management can resume without the need for multi-lumen extender.