Toxicity of 6-gingerol and Cymbopogon citratus against Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae): Mortality, detoxifying enzymes, and morphological ultrastructure alterations in lice

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Research in veterinary science Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105364

Rizal Subahar , Rizqy Hadyansyah , Rachmanin Aldilla , Yulhasri Yulhasri , Rawina Winita , Surya Dwira , Gulshan Fahmi El Bayani

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), which causes pediculosis capitis, remains a global health concern. Plant products are efficient alternative pediculicides for treating the human ectoparasite P. h. capitis which is resistant to permethrin. The study evaluates the toxicity and mechanisms of 6-gingerol and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract on P. h. capitis. Pediculus humanus capitis adult stages were exposed to three different dosages of 6-gingerol and C. citratus crude leaf extract on filter sheets for 5, 10, and 30 min, respectively. The biochemical approach was used to assess the activity of detoxifying enzymes including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and oxidase. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the morphological body of lice. After 30 min, 6-gingerol and C. citratus leaf extract killed P. h. capitis completely. Bioassay periods significantly affected lice mortality (P < 0.05). The LC₅₀ values for 6-gingerol and C. citratus extract were 1.79 μg/cm² and 25.0 μg/cm², respectively. 6-Gingerol and C. citratus leaf extract significantly lower AChE and GST activity (P < 0.05). Cymbopogon citratus also caused morphological ultrastructure changes in P. h. capitis, including an irregularly formed head, thorax, abdominal respiratory spiracles, and belly. 6-Gingerol and C. citratus leaf extracts could be used as an alternate pediculicide to decrease P. h. capitis populations.

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6-gingerol 和柠檬香蒲对人头虱（Phthiraptera: Pediculidae）的毒性：虱子的死亡率、解毒酶和形态超微结构的改变。

引起头癣的人类头虱（Pediculus humanus capitis）仍然是全球关注的健康问题。植物产品是治疗对氯菊酯有抗药性的人类头癣外寄生虫的有效替代杀足剂。本研究评估了 6-gingerol 和柠檬香蒲叶提取物对毛癣菌的毒性和作用机制。在滤纸上将人头癣毛虱成虫阶段分别暴露于三种不同剂量的 6-姜酚和柠檬香蒲粗叶提取物中 5、10 和 30 分钟。生化方法用于评估解毒酶的活性，包括乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）和氧化酶。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）用于研究虱子形态体的超微结构。30 分钟后，6-姜酚和 C. citratus 叶提取物可完全杀死 P. h. capitis。生物测定时间对虱子的死亡率有明显影响（6-姜酚和柠檬叶提取物的 P50 值分别为 1.79 μg/cm2 和 25.0 μg/cm2。6- 姜酚和柠檬叶提取物能明显降低 AChE 和 GST 活性（P

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来源期刊

Research in veterinary science 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

312

审稿时长

75 days

期刊介绍： Research in Veterinary Science is an International multi-disciplinary journal publishing original articles, reviews and short communications of a high scientific and ethical standard in all aspects of veterinary and biomedical research. The primary aim of the journal is to inform veterinary and biomedical scientists of significant advances in veterinary and related research through prompt publication and dissemination. Secondly, the journal aims to provide a general multi-disciplinary forum for discussion and debate of news and issues concerning veterinary science. Thirdly, to promote the dissemination of knowledge to a broader range of professions, globally. High quality papers on all species of animals are considered, particularly those considered to be of high scientific importance and originality, and with interdisciplinary interest. The journal encourages papers providing results that have clear implications for understanding disease pathogenesis and for the development of control measures or treatments, as well as those dealing with a comparative biomedical approach, which represents a substantial improvement to animal and human health. Studies without a robust scientific hypothesis or that are preliminary, or of weak originality, as well as negative results, are not appropriate for the journal. Furthermore, observational approaches, case studies or field reports lacking an advancement in general knowledge do not fall within the scope of the journal.