Assessing residual fragrances on skin after body washing: Optimization of an analytical method using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q2 DERMATOLOGY

International Journal of Cosmetic Science Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.1111/ics.13001

Areum Goh, Song Hee Im, Jung-Eun Bae, Yunsik Choi, Jeonghoon Jeon, Sung Hyun Im

{"title":"Assessing residual fragrances on skin after body washing: Optimization of an analytical method using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry","authors":"Areum Goh, Song Hee Im, Jung-Eun Bae, Yunsik Choi, Jeonghoon Jeon, Sung Hyun Im","doi":"10.1111/ics.13001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objective</h3>\n \n <p>The aim of this study is to develop and optimize a method for evaluating the persistence of residual fragrance after body washing, addressing a significant requirement in the development of personal care products. The main objective is to establish a reliable, sensitive and reproducible analytical technique to assess fragrance longevity on skin post-use of body wash products.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is used to analyse residual fragrances. We investigate the extraction efficiencies of various SPME fibres and compare different methods for sampling skin-emitted fragrances, including tape stripping and sealed glass funnels. A controlled body-washing procedure is implemented to standardize the cleansing process.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Our findings indicate that the relative standard deviation for measuring five distinct fragrances is within the range of 3%–14%, highlighting the precision of the method. A notable variance exists in the extraction efficiency of fragrances using different types of SPME fibres, with some exhibiting over a threefold difference. Furthermore, the glass funnel method for fragrance collection demonstrates an 11.7 times greater sensitivity to galaxolide than that of the tape-stripping method. Residual fragrances with base notes as the main components can be detected on the skin up to 24 h after body washing.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>The optimized method for residual fragrance evaluation developed in this study offers a robust tool for analysing fragrance components persisting on the skin for up to 24 h post-wash. This advancement facilitates a deeper understanding of fragrance longevity in personal care products, enabling comparative analyses between different products.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":13936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science","volume":"46 6","pages":"1004-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Cosmetic Science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ics.13001","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DERMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop and optimize a method for evaluating the persistence of residual fragrance after body washing, addressing a significant requirement in the development of personal care products. The main objective is to establish a reliable, sensitive and reproducible analytical technique to assess fragrance longevity on skin post-use of body wash products.

Methods

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is used to analyse residual fragrances. We investigate the extraction efficiencies of various SPME fibres and compare different methods for sampling skin-emitted fragrances, including tape stripping and sealed glass funnels. A controlled body-washing procedure is implemented to standardize the cleansing process.

Results

Our findings indicate that the relative standard deviation for measuring five distinct fragrances is within the range of 3%–14%, highlighting the precision of the method. A notable variance exists in the extraction efficiency of fragrances using different types of SPME fibres, with some exhibiting over a threefold difference. Furthermore, the glass funnel method for fragrance collection demonstrates an 11.7 times greater sensitivity to galaxolide than that of the tape-stripping method. Residual fragrances with base notes as the main components can be detected on the skin up to 24 h after body washing.

Conclusion

The optimized method for residual fragrance evaluation developed in this study offers a robust tool for analysing fragrance components persisting on the skin for up to 24 h post-wash. This advancement facilitates a deeper understanding of fragrance longevity in personal care products, enabling comparative analyses between different products.

查看原文本刊更多论文

评估沐浴后皮肤上的残留香料：固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析方法的优化。

研究目的本研究旨在开发和优化一种评估沐浴后残留香味持久性的方法，以满足个人护理产品开发的一项重要要求。方法：采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）来分析残留香料。我们研究了各种 SPME 纤维的萃取效率，并比较了不同的皮肤香气采样方法，包括胶带剥离法和密封玻璃漏斗法。我们采用了一种受控的身体清洗程序来规范清洗过程：结果：我们的研究结果表明，测量五种不同香味的相对标准偏差在 3%-14% 的范围内，凸显了该方法的精确性。使用不同类型的 SPME 纤维萃取香料的效率存在显著差异，有些差异超过三倍。此外，用玻璃漏斗法收集香料对加拉索内酯的灵敏度是胶带剥离法的 11.7 倍。以基调为主要成分的残留香味可在沐浴后 24 小时内在皮肤上检测到：本研究开发的残留香味评估优化方法为分析洗后皮肤上长达 24 小时的残留香味成分提供了一种可靠的工具。这一进步有助于加深对个人护理产品中香味持久性的了解，从而对不同产品进行比较分析。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Journal of Cosmetic Science DERMATOLOGY-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

4.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal publishes original refereed papers, review papers and correspondence in the fields of cosmetic research. It is read by practising cosmetic scientists and dermatologists, as well as specialists in more diverse disciplines that are developing new products which contact the skin, hair, nails or mucous membranes. The aim of the Journal is to present current scientific research, both pure and applied, in: cosmetics, toiletries, perfumery and allied fields. Areas that are of particular interest include: studies in skin physiology and interactions with cosmetic ingredients, innovation in claim substantiation methods (in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo), human and in vitro safety testing of cosmetic ingredients and products, physical chemistry and technology of emulsion and dispersed systems, theory and application of surfactants, new developments in olfactive research, aerosol technology and selected aspects of analytical chemistry.