Can Multisensory Olfactory Training Improve Olfactory Dysfunction Caused by COVID-19?

IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q3 BIOPHYSICS
Gözde Filiz, Simon Bérubé, Claudia Demers, Frank Cloutier, Angela Chen, Valérie Pek, Émilie Hudon, Josiane Bolduc-Bégin, Johannes Frasnelli
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Abstract

Approximately 30-60% of people suffer from olfactory dysfunction (OD) such as hyposmia or anosmia after being diagnosed with COVID-19; 15-20% of these cases last beyond resolution of the acute phase. Previous studies have shown that olfactory training can be beneficial for patients affected by OD caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether a multisensory olfactory training involving simultaneously tasting and seeing congruent stimuli is more effective than the classical olfactory training. We recruited 68 participants with persistent OD for two months or more after COVID-19 infection; they were divided into three groups. One group received olfactory training which involved smelling four odorants (strawberry, cheese, coffee, lemon; classical olfactory training). The other group received the same olfactory stimuli but presented retronasally (i.e., as droplets on their tongue); while simultaneous and congruent gustatory (i.e., sweet, salty, bitter, sour) and visual (corresponding images) stimuli were presented (multisensory olfactory training). The third group received odorless propylene glycol in four bottles (control group). Training was carried out twice daily for 12 weeks. We assessed olfactory function and olfactory specific quality of life before and after the intervention. Both intervention groups showed a similar significant improvement of olfactory function, although there was no difference in the assessment of quality of life. Both multisensory and classical training can be beneficial for OD following a viral infection; however, only the classical olfactory training paradigm leads to an improvement that was significantly stronger than the control group.

多感官嗅觉训练能改善 COVID-19 引起的嗅觉功能障碍吗?
约有 30-60% 的人在确诊感染 COVID-19 后会出现嗅觉障碍(OD),如嗅觉减退或嗅觉缺失;其中 15-20% 的病例会持续到急性期过后。以往的研究表明,嗅觉训练对上呼吸道病毒感染引起的嗅觉障碍患者有益。本研究旨在评估同时品尝和观看一致刺激物的多感官嗅觉训练是否比传统的嗅觉训练更有效。我们招募了 68 名感染 COVID-19 后持续两个月或更长时间的 OD 患者,将他们分为三组。一组接受嗅觉训练,包括闻四种气味(草莓、奶酪、咖啡、柠檬;经典嗅觉训练)。另一组接受相同的嗅觉刺激,但以舌尖上的液滴形式出现(多感官嗅觉训练);同时出现的还有一致的味觉(即甜、咸、苦、酸)和视觉(相应的图像)刺激。第三组接受四瓶无味丙二醇(对照组)。训练每天进行两次,持续 12 周。我们对干预前后的嗅觉功能和嗅觉特定生活质量进行了评估。尽管在生活质量评估方面没有差异,但两个干预组的嗅觉功能都有类似的明显改善。多感官训练和经典训练对病毒感染后的嗅觉障碍都有好处;但是,只有经典嗅觉训练范式的改善效果明显强于对照组。
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来源期刊
Multisensory Research
Multisensory Research BIOPHYSICS-PSYCHOLOGY
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
12.50%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: Multisensory Research is an interdisciplinary archival journal covering all aspects of multisensory processing including the control of action, cognition and attention. Research using any approach to increase our understanding of multisensory perceptual, behavioural, neural and computational mechanisms is encouraged. Empirical, neurophysiological, psychophysical, brain imaging, clinical, developmental, mathematical and computational analyses are welcome. Research will also be considered covering multisensory applications such as sensory substitution, crossmodal methods for delivering sensory information or multisensory approaches to robotics and engineering. Short communications and technical notes that draw attention to new developments will be included, as will reviews and commentaries on current issues. Special issues dealing with specific topics will be announced from time to time. Multisensory Research is a continuation of Seeing and Perceiving, and of Spatial Vision.
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