Insect tracheal systems as inspiration for carbon dioxide capture systems.

Abstract

Membrane technology advancements within the past twenty years have provided a new perspective on environmentalism as engineers design membranes to separate greenhouse gases from the environment. Several scientific journals have published articles of experimental evidence quantifying carbon dioxide (CO₂), a common greenhouse gas, separation using membrane technology and ranking them against one another. On the other hand, natural systems such as the respiratory system of mammals also accomplish transmembrane transport of CO₂. However, to our knowledge, a comparison of these natural organic systems with engineered membranes has not yet been accomplished. The tracheal respiratory systems of insects transport CO₂at the highest rates in the animal kingdom. Therefore, this work compares engineered membranes to the tracheal systems of insects by quantitatively comparing greenhouse gas conductance rates. We demonstrate that on a per unit volume basis, locusts can transport CO₂approximately ∼100 times more effectively than the best current engineered systems. Given the same temperature conditions, insect tracheal systems transport CO₂three orders of magnitude faster on average. Miniaturization of CO₂capture systems based on insect tracheal system design has great potential for reducing cost and improving the capacities of industrial CO₂capture.