An Overview of the Potential for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants to Be Integrated into Urban Biorefineries for the Production of Sustainable Bio-Based Fuels and Other Chemicals

IF 6.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Bimi Shrestha, Blake Foret, Wayne Sharp, Daniel Gang, Rafael Hernandez, Emmanuel Revellame, Dhan Lord B. Fortela, William E. Holmes, Mark E. Zappi
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

An increase in the generation of waste within cities is unavoidable due to the increasing global population growth, particularly in urban areas. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in these urban areas are being pushed to their design limits resulting in issues with WWTP residual management. This paper reviews potential applications of transitioning a municipal WWTP into an urban biorefinery for converting wastes into various value-added chemicals and energy.

Recent Findings

Primary WWTP-based residuals produced are waste-activated sludge, biosolids, grit, and effluent. These components are becoming viable feedstocks for producing many potential products and can be recovered for commercial purposes as opposed to simple disposal. Example products include chemicals, energy, and transportable biofuels. An advantage to biorefinery operations composed of WWTPs is that they provide greener solutions while posing little to no threat to the environment. There has also been an increasing interest in co-feedstocks to WWTPs, such as municipal solids, food wastes, agriculture wastes, and lignocellulosic biomass, which can enhance product yields while providing sustainable management solutions to these additional waste streams.

Summary

Municipal wastewater influents generated within the USA have a chemical energy potential of 1.3 MJ/person/day which represents about 4% of the total daily electricity consumed globally. The cost of waste management is expected to rise by 5.5% by 2027 which can be significantly lowered by having WWTPs integrated into biorefineries. This review found that there is great potential for converting WWTPs into true biorefineries that can effectively produce numerous value-added chemicals. Often, minor process changes can be applied which will yield the envisoned products. This paper provides the framework towards both commercialization opportunities and needed research.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

城市污水处理厂融入城市生物精炼厂以生产可持续生物燃料和其他化学品的潜力概览
审查目的 由于全球人口增长,特别是城市地区人口的增长,城市中产生的废物增加是不可避免的。这些城市地区的城市污水处理厂(WWTP)已被逼到设计极限,造成了污水处理厂残留物管理方面的问题。本文探讨了将城市污水处理厂转变为城市生物精炼厂的潜在应用,将废物转化为各种增值化学品和能源。最新发现基于污水处理厂产生的残留物主要是废物活性污泥、生物固体、砂砾和污水。这些成分正在成为生产许多潜在产品的可行原料,并且可以回收用于商业目的,而不是简单的处理。例如,产品包括化学品、能源和可运输的生物燃料。由污水处理厂组成的生物精炼厂的优势在于,它们提供了更环保的解决方案,同时对环境几乎不构成任何威胁。此外,人们对污水处理厂的辅助原料也越来越感兴趣,如城市固体废弃物、食品废弃物、农业废弃物和木质纤维素生物质,它们可以提高产品产量,同时为这些额外的废物流提供可持续的管理解决方案。预计到 2027 年,废物管理成本将上升 5.5%,而将污水处理厂整合到生物精炼厂中可以大大降低这一成本。本次审查发现,将污水处理厂转变为真正的生物精炼厂具有巨大潜力,可有效生产多种增值化学品。通常情况下,只需对工艺稍作改动,就能生产出所设想的产品。本文为商业化机会和所需研究提供了框架。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Current Pollution Reports
Current Pollution Reports Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
1.40%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: Current Pollution Reports provides in-depth review articles contributed by international experts on the most significant developments in the field of environmental pollution.By presenting clear, insightful, balanced reviews that emphasize recently published papers of major importance, the journal elucidates current and emerging approaches to identification, characterization, treatment, management of pollutants and much more.
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