M. I. Khan, Ali Mujtaba, Shahbaz Ahmed Khan, A. Laref, Mongi Amami
{"title":"Enhanced efficiency of CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells through dual-layer ETL engineering","authors":"M. I. Khan, Ali Mujtaba, Shahbaz Ahmed Khan, A. Laref, Mongi Amami","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06482-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By incorporating 4% Nb doping and using bilayer electron transport layers (ETLs) consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), pure tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>), and Nb-WO<sub>3</sub>, significant enhancements were achieved in the structural, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic properties of CsPbIBr<sub>2</sub> perovskite films. The perovskite film was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing an increase in crystal size from 26.6 nm to 71.8 nm and a decrease in lattice constant from 6.010 Å to 5.982 Å after the addition of Nb doping. These data indicate an improvement in the degree of crystalline structure of the film. The light absorption efficiency increased when the energy band gap of pure and Nb-CsPbIBr<sub>2</sub> fell from 2.021 eV to 1.955 eV, respectively. The refractive index of pure and Nb-CsPbIBr<sub>2</sub> increased from 2.618 to 2.640, respectively, leading to improved light trapping and absorption. The XRD analysis of the WO<sub>3</sub> ETLs revealed a monoclinic crystal structure with a higher lattice constant, which enhances the transport of charge carriers. Raman spectroscopy verifies the structural soundness of Nb-WO<sub>3</sub>. The UV-Vis absorption spectra show that Nb-WO<sub>3</sub> has more absorption in the visible region and a larger bandgap compared to Nb-doped CsPbIBr<sub>2</sub>. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals emission peaks that are indicative of flaws, which are essential for enhancing the efficiency of Nb-WO<sub>3</sub>. The J-V tests demonstrated a significant enhancement in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells when double ETLs were included. This gain was evident in the increased fill factor (FF) range of 0.839–0.865 and open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) range of 1.064–1.073. Consequently, the overall efficiency rose from 9.81% to 10.85%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Explanation: When light falls on the perovskite layer, the produced electrons and holes move towards the ETL and HTL, respectively.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"111 3","pages":"754 - 765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10971-024-06482-x","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
By incorporating 4% Nb doping and using bilayer electron transport layers (ETLs) consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2), pure tungsten trioxide (WO3), and Nb-WO3, significant enhancements were achieved in the structural, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic properties of CsPbIBr2 perovskite films. The perovskite film was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing an increase in crystal size from 26.6 nm to 71.8 nm and a decrease in lattice constant from 6.010 Å to 5.982 Å after the addition of Nb doping. These data indicate an improvement in the degree of crystalline structure of the film. The light absorption efficiency increased when the energy band gap of pure and Nb-CsPbIBr2 fell from 2.021 eV to 1.955 eV, respectively. The refractive index of pure and Nb-CsPbIBr2 increased from 2.618 to 2.640, respectively, leading to improved light trapping and absorption. The XRD analysis of the WO3 ETLs revealed a monoclinic crystal structure with a higher lattice constant, which enhances the transport of charge carriers. Raman spectroscopy verifies the structural soundness of Nb-WO3. The UV-Vis absorption spectra show that Nb-WO3 has more absorption in the visible region and a larger bandgap compared to Nb-doped CsPbIBr2. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals emission peaks that are indicative of flaws, which are essential for enhancing the efficiency of Nb-WO3. The J-V tests demonstrated a significant enhancement in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells when double ETLs were included. This gain was evident in the increased fill factor (FF) range of 0.839–0.865 and open-circuit voltage (Voc) range of 1.064–1.073. Consequently, the overall efficiency rose from 9.81% to 10.85%.
Graphical Abstract
Explanation: When light falls on the perovskite layer, the produced electrons and holes move towards the ETL and HTL, respectively.
期刊介绍：
The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.
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