Lithium extraction from carbonate-rich Salt Lake brine using HBTA/TBP system

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Rare Metals Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI:10.1007/s12598-024-02760-3

Lian-Min Ji, Dong Shi, Xiao-Wu Peng, Shao-Lei Xie, Jin-Feng Li, Yu-Ze Zhang, Li-Cheng Zhang, Yong Niu, Gang Chen, Li-Juan Li

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Abstract

China's salt lakes hold significant lithium reserves, yet the development of low-concentration lithium resources from the carbonate brines in Tibet is a pressing matter. Alkyl β-diketones extractants are capable of efficiently extracting lithium from alkaline solutions using an extraction method, but its optimized extraction prerequisite is an extreme alkaline solution with higher pH. This research introduces a process for the effective extraction and separation of lithium and sodium from the carbonate brine of Jieze Caka Salt Lake, utilizing trifluorinated β-biketone HBTA (4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione)–TBP (tributyl phosphate)/kerosene system. A three-stage extraction yielded 98.06% of Li⁺ and 1.69% of Na⁺ from the initial brine with a lower pH of 8.961 and a separation factor (β_Li/Na) of 2948. The simplified process was then implemented using organic direct recycling without regeneration and scrubbing raffinate reflux for a total of 23 cycles, thereby demonstrating the exceptional effectiveness and stability of this system. The resulting lithium-rich stripping solution, with the Li/Na mass ratio amplified by 747 times, underwent further magnesium removal and precipitation using sodium carbonate to yield a high-purity lithium carbonate product of 99.50%. This study offers a novel approach and technology for the efficient separation of lithium ion directly from a partial-neutral carbonate salt lake with a high Na/Li ratio and low lithium concentration.

Graphical abstract

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利用 HBTA/TBP 系统从富含碳酸盐的盐湖卤水中提取锂

中国的盐湖蕴藏着大量的锂资源，但从西藏的碳酸盐卤水中开发低浓度锂资源却迫在眉睫。烷基β-二酮萃取剂是一种能够从碱性溶液中高效萃取锂的萃取方法，但其优化萃取的前提条件是pH值较高的极碱性溶液。本研究介绍了一种利用三氟化β-双酮 HBTA（4,4,4-三氟-1-苯基-1,3-丁二酮）-TBP（磷酸三丁酯）/煤油体系从嘉泽卡卡盐湖碳酸盐卤水中有效萃取分离锂和钠的工艺。三级萃取可从初始盐水中获得 98.06% 的 Li+和 1.69% 的 Na+，pH 值较低，为 8.961，分离系数（βLi/Na）为 2948。随后，使用有机直接循环法实施了简化工艺，无需再生和洗脱液回流，共进行了 23 次循环，从而证明了该系统的卓越功效和稳定性。得到的富锂剥离溶液的锂/镧质量比放大了 747 倍，经过进一步除镁和使用碳酸钠沉淀，得到了 99.50%的高纯度碳酸锂产品。这项研究为直接从高 Na/Li 比和低锂浓度的部分中性碳酸盐盐湖中高效分离锂离子提供了一种新的方法和技术。

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来源期刊

Rare Metals 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

12.50%

发文量

2919

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： Rare Metals is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China. It serves as a platform for engineers and scientists to communicate and disseminate original research articles in the field of rare metals. The journal focuses on a wide range of topics including metallurgy, processing, and determination of rare metals. Additionally, it showcases the application of rare metals in advanced materials such as superconductors, semiconductors, composites, and ceramics.