Black emergency department visits for schizophrenia/psychosis following the police killing of George Floyd: An empirical test of “protest psychosis”

IF 4.1 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
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Abstract

In the United States, there exists a large disparity in the diagnosis of schizophrenia between Black and White individuals. Some of the symptoms associated with schizophrenia, such as agitation, delusions, and non-compliance, were previously linked to a now-discontinued condition known as “Protest Psychosis.” This proposed subtype of schizophrenia diagnosis emerged during the 1950s and 1960s in response to racial tensions during the Civil Rights movement and preceded an increase in schizophrenia diagnosis among Black populations, potentially leading to racial disparities in this psychiatric condition that continue to permeate the modern context.

In May 2020, the police killing of George Floyd sparked widespread protests through the Black Lives Matter Movement. Given the historical precedence of “protest psychosis” in response to the Civil Rights Movement, we examined disparities in Emergency Department (ED) visits diagnosed as schizophrenia/psychosis immediately following the police killing of George Floyd in May 2020. We used monthly data on ED visits from January 2016 to December 2020 across 5 University of California health systems. We used ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) time-series analysis to derive the residual values of ED visits diagnosed as schizophrenia/psychosis among Black persons and examined whether these residuals increased selectively among Black persons in June 2020. Results from time-series analyses indicate 34 additional ED visits above expected levels diagnosed as schizophrenia/psychosis among Black persons in June 2020 (p < 0.05), amounting to a 25% increase in these visits among Black persons. These results indicate a perpetuation of historical trends and cohere with expectations from the legacy of “Protest Psychosis”.

警察杀害乔治-弗洛伊德后,黑人因精神分裂症/精神病到急诊室就诊:对 "抗议精神病 "的实证检验
在美国,黑人和白人之间在精神分裂症的诊断上存在着巨大的差异。与精神分裂症相关的一些症状,如躁动、妄想和不服从等,以前曾与一种现已停用的病症 "抗议精神病 "联系在一起。2020 年 5 月,警察杀害乔治-弗洛伊德(George Floyd)的事件引发了 "黑人生命至上运动"(Black Lives Matter Movement)的广泛抗议。鉴于 "抗议性精神病 "在民权运动中的历史先例,我们研究了 2020 年 5 月警察杀害乔治-弗洛伊德事件发生后,被诊断为精神分裂症/精神病的急诊室(ED)就诊人数的差异。我们使用了加利福尼亚大学 5 个医疗系统从 2016 年 1 月到 2020 年 12 月的每月急诊就诊数据。我们使用 ARIMA(自回归整合移动平均)时间序列分析法得出了黑人中被诊断为精神分裂症/精神病的 ED 就诊残差值,并研究了这些残差值是否在 2020 年 6 月有选择性地在黑人中增加。时间序列分析结果表明,2020 年 6 月,黑人中被诊断为精神分裂症/精神病的急诊就诊人次比预期水平多出 34 人次(p < 0.05),相当于黑人中此类就诊人次增加了 25%。这些结果表明了历史趋势的延续,并与 "抗议精神病 "遗产的预期相吻合。
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来源期刊
SSM. Mental health
SSM. Mental health Social Psychology, Health
CiteScore
2.30
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0.00%
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118 days
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