Cold Moves: Cryogenics in Indo-German Research Networks.

IF 0.6 2区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Roland Wittje
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

By unravelling the complexities and dynamics of a collaboration between scientists in India and West Germany to establish a cryogenic network, this paper intends to contribute to our understanding of the transnational movement of research technologies during the Cold War. In 1971, a cryogenic laboratory including a helium and a nitrogen liquefier was set up at the physics department of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras as part of the Indo-German partnership at IIT Madras between 1959 and 1974. As a generic research technology with many applications, cryogenics became crucial for a solid state research agenda for semiconductor development. After initial difficulties, Ramaswami Srinivasan at IIT Madras and Gustav Klipping of the Fritz Haber Institute in Berlin built a successful collaboration based on mutual trust and on Indian and German scientists travelling and working in each other's laboratories. If the initial motivation of the Indo-German partnership was informed by the logic of Cold War development policy, Klipping and Srinivasan developed their collaboration into a vibrant cryogenic research network around different actors, instruments, and skills moving between India and the Federal Republic of Germany.

冷行动:印度-德国研究网络中的低温技术。
通过揭示印度和西德科学家合作建立低温网络的复杂性和动态,本文旨在帮助我们了解冷战期间研究技术的跨国流动。1971 年,印度理工学院(IIT)马德拉斯分校物理系建立了一个低温实验室,其中包括一个氦气和一个氮气液化器,这是 1959 年至 1974 年印度理工学院马德拉斯分校印德合作项目的一部分。作为一种应用广泛的通用研究技术,低温技术对半导体开发的固态研究议程至关重要。在经历了最初的困难之后,印度理工学院马德拉斯分校的拉马斯瓦米-斯里尼瓦桑(Ramaswami Srinivasan)和柏林弗里茨-哈伯研究所的古斯塔夫-克利平(Gustav Klipping)在相互信任的基础上,通过印度和德国科学家在对方实验室的旅行和工作,建立了成功的合作关系。如果说印德合作的最初动机是冷战发展政策的逻辑,那么克利平和斯里尼瓦桑则将他们的合作发展成了一个充满活力的低温研究网络,围绕着不同的参与者、仪器和技能在印度和德意志联邦共和国之间流动。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 社会科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
16.70%
发文量
43
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Die Geschichte der Wissenschaften ist in erster Linie eine Geschichte der Ideen und Entdeckungen, oft genug aber auch der Moden, Irrtümer und Missverständnisse. Sie hängt eng mit der Entwicklung kultureller und zivilisatorischer Leistungen zusammen und bleibt von der politischen Geschichte keineswegs unberührt.
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