Understanding and addressing microplastic pollution: Impacts, mitigation, and future perspectives

IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Rajesh Debnath , Gora Shiva Prasad , Adnan Amin , Monisa M. Malik , Ishtiyaq Ahmad , Adnan Abubakr , Simanku Borah , Mohd Ashraf Rather , Federica Impellitteri , Ifra Tabassum , Giuseppe Piccione , Caterina Faggio
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Abstract

Improper disposal of household and industrial waste into water bodies has transformed them into de facto dumping grounds. Plastic debris, weathered on beaches degrades into micro-particles and releases chemical additives that enter the water. Microplastic contamination is documented globally in both marine and freshwater environments, posing a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. The small size of these particles makes them susceptible to ingestion by low trophic fauna, a trend expected to escalate. Ingestion leads to adverse effects like intestinal blockages, alterations in lipid metabolism, histopathological changes in the intestine, contributing to the extinction of vulnerable species and disrupting ecosystem balance. Notably, microplastics (MPs) can act as carriers for pathogens, potentially causing impaired reproductive activity, decreased immunity, and cancer in various organisms. Studies have identified seven principal sources of MPs, including synthetic textiles (35%) and tire abrasion (28%), highlighting the significant human contribution to this pollution. This review covers various aspects of microplastic pollution, including sources, extraction methods, and its profound impact on ecosystems. Additionally, it explores preventive measures, aiming to guide researchers in selecting techniques and inspiring further investigation into the far-reaching impacts of microplastic pollution, fostering effective solutions for this environmental challenge.

了解并解决微塑料污染问题:影响、缓解和未来展望
向水体倾倒生活垃圾和工业废物的不当行为使水体变成了事实上的垃圾场。在海滩上风化的塑料碎片会降解成微型颗粒,并释放出化学添加剂进入水中。微塑料污染在全球海洋和淡水环境中都有记录,对水生生态系统构成严重威胁。这些微粒体积小,很容易被低营养级动物摄入,而且这种趋势预计还会加剧。摄入会导致肠道堵塞、脂质代谢改变、肠道组织病理变化等不良后果,导致脆弱物种灭绝,破坏生态系统平衡。值得注意的是,微塑料(MPs)可作为病原体的载体,可能导致各种生物的生殖活动受损、免疫力下降和癌症。研究发现了七种主要的 MPs 来源,包括合成纺织品(35%)和轮胎磨损(28%),凸显了人类对这种污染的重大贡献。本综述涉及微塑料污染的各个方面,包括来源、提取方法及其对生态系统的深远影响。此外,它还探讨了预防措施,旨在指导研究人员选择技术,启发他们进一步研究微塑料污染的深远影响,从而为这一环境挑战提供有效的解决方案。
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来源期刊
Journal of contaminant hydrology
Journal of contaminant hydrology 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
2.80%
发文量
129
审稿时长
68 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Contaminant Hydrology is an international journal publishing scientific articles pertaining to the contamination of subsurface water resources. Emphasis is placed on investigations of the physical, chemical, and biological processes influencing the behavior and fate of organic and inorganic contaminants in the unsaturated (vadose) and saturated (groundwater) zones, as well as at groundwater-surface water interfaces. The ecological impacts of contaminants transported both from and to aquifers are of interest. Articles on contamination of surface water only, without a link to groundwater, are out of the scope. Broad latitude is allowed in identifying contaminants of interest, and include legacy and emerging pollutants, nutrients, nanoparticles, pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, protozoa), microplastics, and various constituents associated with energy production (e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide). The journal''s scope embraces a wide range of topics including: experimental investigations of contaminant sorption, diffusion, transformation, volatilization and transport in the surface and subsurface; characterization of soil and aquifer properties only as they influence contaminant behavior; development and testing of mathematical models of contaminant behaviour; innovative techniques for restoration of contaminated sites; development of new tools or techniques for monitoring the extent of soil and groundwater contamination; transformation of contaminants in the hyporheic zone; effects of contaminants traversing the hyporheic zone on surface water and groundwater ecosystems; subsurface carbon sequestration and/or turnover; and migration of fluids associated with energy production into groundwater.
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