Sex-biased juvenile hormone and gene expression underlie sex difference of stress resistance in the American cockroach

IF 4.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
Fangfang Liu, Shudian Zhang, Ping Chen, Wei Tang, Xiaoyi Chen, Yingting Wu, Sishi Xia, Diqi Peng, Zhengyi Shao, Qin Li, Yuqing Liu, Xiaoshuai Zhang, Shiming Zhu
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Abstract

Sexually dimorphic traits are prevalent throughout the animal kingdom, extending to insects. In addition to sex-biased gene expression networks, these traits often involve variations in hormone levels. Juvenile hormone (JH), which is synthesized by corpora allata (CA), regulates development and reproduction in insects. However, there is limited understanding regarding sex-biased gene expression in CA and the sexually dimorphic functions of JH. We discovered sexual dimorphism in JH levels in cockroaches. To explore the underlying mechanism, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data from CA tissues in the adult females and males of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Our investigation revealed significant variation in sex-biased gene expression, with female-biased genes primarily involved in cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase and peroxidase pathways, associating with resistance to environmental stress. Notably, exposure to the insecticide imidacloprid, injection of Escherichia coli and H2O2 led to a higher mortality rate in males, whereas females exhibited resistance. Importantly, the application of the JH analog methoprene following the injection of E. coli and H2O2 rescued survival and the expression of stress response-related genes in males. Furthermore, these stressors resulted in reduced JH biosynthesis in males, while females remained unaffected. In summary, our results reveal that sexually dimorphic JH levels and gene expression modulate stress responses in P. americana. These findings shed light on sex-specific responses to environmental stress, offering tailored strategies for pest control based on gender.

Abstract Image

美洲大蠊抗逆性性别差异的原因在于有性别差异的幼年激素和基因表达
动物界普遍存在性二态特征,昆虫也不例外。除了基于性别的基因表达网络外,这些性状往往还涉及激素水平的变化。幼年激素(JH)由异形体(CA)合成,调节昆虫的发育和繁殖。然而,人们对CA中具有性别偏见的基因表达以及JH的性别二态功能的了解还很有限。我们发现了蟑螂体内 JH 水平的性别二态性。为了探索其潜在机制,我们分析了美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)成年雌性和雄性CA组织的RNA测序数据。我们的研究揭示了性别偏向基因表达的显著差异,雌性偏向基因主要涉及细胞色素 P450、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶和过氧化物酶途径,与环境应激的抵抗力有关。值得注意的是,暴露于杀虫剂吡虫啉、注射大肠杆菌和 H2O2 会导致雄性死亡率升高,而雌性则表现出抗性。重要的是,在注射大肠杆菌和 H2O2 后施用 JH 类似物甲氧苄啶,可挽救雄性的存活率和应激反应相关基因的表达。此外,这些应激因素导致雄性的 JH 生物合成减少,而雌性则不受影响。总之,我们的研究结果表明,性双态的 JH 水平和基因表达会调节美洲金龟子的应激反应。这些发现揭示了性别对环境胁迫的特异性反应,为基于性别的害虫控制提供了量身定制的策略。
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来源期刊
Journal of Pest Science
Journal of Pest Science 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
10.40
自引率
8.30%
发文量
114
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Pest Science publishes high-quality papers on all aspects of pest science in agriculture, horticulture (including viticulture), forestry, urban pests, and stored products research, including health and safety issues. Journal of Pest Science reports on advances in control of pests and animal vectors of diseases, the biology, ethology and ecology of pests and their antagonists, and the use of other beneficial organisms in pest control. The journal covers all noxious or damaging groups of animals, including arthropods, nematodes, molluscs, and vertebrates. Journal of Pest Science devotes special attention to emerging and innovative pest control strategies, including the side effects of such approaches on non-target organisms, for example natural enemies and pollinators, and the implementation of these strategies in integrated pest management. Journal of Pest Science also publishes papers on the management of agro- and forest ecosystems where this is relevant to pest control. Papers on important methodological developments relevant for pest control will be considered as well.
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